A Mat Rempit is a Malaysian term

A Mat Rempit is a Malaysian term for â€Å"an individual who participates in illegal street racing†, usually involving underbone motorcycles (colloquially known as Kapcai) or scooters. Not all Mat Rempits are involved in street racing; some of them perform crazy stunts for fun, such as the wheelie, superman (lying flat on the seat), wikang, and scorpion (standing on the seat with one leg during a wheelie),or shuttu le katti. Mat Rempits usually travel in groups and race in bustling city centres on weekend nights.In recent times, Mat Rempits have been linked to gangsterism, gang robbery,[1][2] street fighting, assault,[3] vandalism, theft and bullying. Most motorcycles used by the Mat Rempits do not meet standard specifications, or have been modified extensively for greater speed, or just to make the exhaust noisier. Additionally, some Mat Rempits do not have valid motorcycle licenses, do not pay road taxes, and ride stolen motorcycles. [4][5] A growing number of housing estate s have also been turned into racing tracks. 6] It is estimated that there are about 200,000 Mat Rempits in Malaysia. [7] In some other countries, the term Mat Rempit is also used, but more to refer to one as a motorcycle lover or rider (Mat Motor), as opposed to an illegal motorcycle racer. Sometimes, the term â€Å"Mat Rempit† is misused to refer to any individual who rides an underbone motorcycle. Related to this is the Mat Konvoi, which claim to be the non-racing version of Mat Rempit.

Concept of Significant Event

It was a cool summer evening going into senior year with a slight breeze sliding over our scalps. The branches were swaying ever so calmly at the park on the Texas Track. I was with my cousin James who I always looked up too growing up, but now resented. He was the kid who always knew what to say and had a demeanor that was cool to the touch. With the long hair, gauges, and cool skate clothes. I wanted to be just like that. I was raised in private school so I had no sense of style, seeing what he wore and what he did really had an impression on me.He said there was going to be a party and wanted me to go with him. I was really bored and decided to give it a shot. We hung out together all through childhood, middle school, and a lot of high school. But as junior year came around for me and James Just dropping out of high school of senior year, cane was ravaging through teenagers Like a disease. As I continued to hangout with James I noticed him being a lot more slow as if he has Just a woken from a long slumber or angry for no reason. He told me he was taking cane or â€Å"bars†. At first I was okay with It, popping them recreational as well believing here was no real harm in them.We'd go to parties and take them throughout the night loving feeling of knowing you had a goodnight even though you could hardly remember It. Sometimes doing them gave us an over sense of confidence to talk to women, meet new people, and do things we'd never think of doing sober. But as the months went by I began to hear things from my mom and other family members that James has been stealing prescription pills from our grandparents and getting busted by police for stealing from people's cars. I could not believe what I heard. Sounded eke people spewing gibberish I couldn't understand.Someone you looked up to for advice, guidance making dreadful life changing decisions. I never tried to let it affect our bond as long as he TLD steal from me or get me Involved. Prescription pills b egan to deteriorate his brain killing every last functioning brain cell that could ever produce logical reasoning. His urge to steal to provide himself with a copious amount of cane would increase. Stealing Jewelry from our aunt and selling other pills to also supply his habit got him banned from my house and assessment of him to the family. Till showed sympathy and wanted to help him out and hangout with him knowing he has never done me wrong. The crowd he was being Involved with though made It especially uncomfortable to hangout more. Threads, arrogant, ignorant, scandalous scum of human beings were the ones he enjoyed hanging out with. I attempted to have him associate with my crowd of friends, but with pills coursing through his veins he acted irate and no one would want to hang out with him again. Spending time together turned into doing favors like driving him place to place to discuss situation to put myself through time and time again.If I ever got pulled over with him I was practically guaranteed I'd go to Jail Just because he's so known in town now. We walked to the park from his grandmas waiting to get picked up from one of lame's friends. As minutes go by we spot a black sedan with no rims and paint scratched as if a tiger has slashed it. As I unwarily get into the car I see James pull out foil and a little black ball. I knew it was heroin. He began smoking it, I have never seen someone smoke heroin before. It felt like I was watching a science experiment. I was more intrigued then disgusted at the moment.He offered me some and I rightfully refused knowing I had to draw the line somewhere on the impression someone could give to me. â€Å"l promise Eve only done it like once†, James said. I knew he was never going to get clean after that without hitting rock bottom. We approached the party it was somewhere out in Catchword, you can hear the poor quality sound of rap music and disarray of peoples conversations. Walking in I had an over sensati onal feeling that something bad was going to happen tonight. I notice people herding to a side of backyard like celebrity waltzed by or something.I could hear girls shouting â€Å"Stop! † and guys shouting obscenities as I approached. I peeked with curiosity to see what could be happening. It was Shame being pummel to a pulp by 3 guys with a much bigger stature. All looked like the kind of people that have been to Jail or definitely should be in Jail. I couldn't let my cousin get Jumped by these brutes. I Jumped in swinging with all my might hitting one with a gray double extra large shirt in the face. I knew once this happened I was going to get my ass kicked. As soon as my punch landed another punch from someone else crossed my jaw.Feeling like a brick Just flew at my face I dropped immediately being kicked viciously in the head and the rest of my body. Every time I attempted to rise and fight, my body would Just take blows like I am being pummel by rocks. It boggled my min d why people Just sit there and watch for that moment in time and never take action to help others. After the Jumping we endured for those few minutes that felt like an eternity, we left the party. Shame ran to a corner in the front awn, I was puzzled until he returned with $500 dollars and 40 cane pills he stole from those guys that he stashed.I couldn't believe that I took that beating for him to get that. I was so furious, my face boiling to bright red I shoved him as hard as I could demanding to know why he would steal from people. â€Å"This is what happens to you James, when you steal! † I said vigorously. He's lucky we didn't die or get arrested. I looked at his face and I knew now he would never get it. James would never understand what he is doing is wrong and is affecting his life. He's bringing me down ND sucking everything out of me like a leach or a parasite. Driving him place to place, hanging out, and the favors all need to stop. † I said to myself. Givin g me that moment of clarity made me realize I was an enabler making all the things going on his life continue the way they are going. â€Å"Whatever sorry man. † James said with hardly any remorse. I got dropped off later that night fading in and out of consciousness fighting to stay up. Turning back I notice James passed out next to me. I knew looking into his sunken lifeless eyes he wasn't going to learn his lesson until he learns the hard way. I

Integration Across A Range Of Learning Areas Education Essay

The universe around us is non compartmentalised or fragmented, nor are experiences and activities wholly independent of each other. This mixture and blend of experiences are all inter-related and do up the tapestry of life. On a similar note, the taught course of study should reflect this integrating to more efficaciously prosecute immature scholars in an educational procedure which consists of mostly complimentary countries of acquisition. Integrated acquisition is far from a new construct but until late mathematics has struggled to incorporate successfully with other topics. Whilst there is no remarkable educational theoretical account that can be adhered to, the premiss remains ; that of taking several topics and incorporating them with one another with the purpose of larning going enhanced exponentially across all involved capable countries. Mathematicss has such a wide range of application it is wholly appropriate that it should be integrated prolifically across a scope of capable countries. Integration works more efficaciously when there is a clear point of focal point for curricular countries to aim. This synergism of capable countries with a specific end can so complement each other in a much more valuable mode. Advantages of integrating include: Can profit students in apprehension and appreciating links between capable subjects, and a better apprehension of how this relates to life. It can relieve planning force per unit area on instructors. Curricular thoughts are connected. Boundaries sometimes related to learning a specific subject can be eschewed. It can supply a valuable tool for support. More significance and relevancy can be taken from the larning experience. Some disadvantages include: Additional planning of plans is required in order for different topics to be coordinated and to run at the same time. This besides means that a close respect to context and clip is indispensable if the integrating plan is to be effectual. If this is non considered so the consequence can really go damaging. The pureness of some capable countries ( including the existent range of the subject ) can go baffled or lost if attending is non paid. More expertness is required on behalf of the instructors in order to maximize acquisition by effectual integrating. ( Maude, 2001 )The usage of oppugning in a constructivist environment.‘In order to protect students ‘ self-pride and develop assurance, it is of import that oppugning takes topographic point in an encouraging and supportive ambiance ‘ ( Kyriacou, 1986 ) . Constructivism is a theory about how people learn based on scientific survey and observation. It states that through a procedure of experience and contemplation we develop ( or concept ) our ain apprehension of the universe. New experiences are reconciled with old thoughts and apprehension, sometimes changing old beliefs and sometimes going disregarded as irrelevant compared to these old beliefs. Questioning is of import when following a constructivist attack to instruction. Through pertinent oppugning pedagogues can help pupils in the building of their cognition instead than reproducing lists of facts for memorization. Questioning students is an of import tool in helping enquiry based acquisition activities and job resolution. Constructivist instruction should animate the pupils ‘ natural wonder and desire to larn how things work. Learners should be engaged by using their existing theories and experience and finally organizing valid decisions based on their findings. ( Brooks & A ; Brooks, 1993 )The usage of drama in a rich environment.The physical environment holds great power for learning possible. The environment can impact mathematical acquisition and instructors should take great attention to see how their schoolroom infinite can be arranged in order to advance kids ‘s mathematical acquisition experience. ( Carol & A ; Galper, 2001 ) The mathematically rich larning environment can be farther enhanced with drama, supplying puils the chance to see and prosecute with mathematics whilst seeing grownups apply these techniques in real-world scenarios. Supplying a mathematically rich larning infinite can better the students mathematical accomplishments by rote. ‘In adult-guided schoolrooms, instructors provide scaffolding by introducingaˆÂ ¦ stuffs in the drama Centres and discoursing with kids how to utilize materialsaˆÂ ¦ The pupils in those schoolrooms, in bend used more printed stuffs with attending to their printed facets and produced more printed stuffs than pupils in schoolrooms with no specific instructor counsel ‘ ( Gunn, Simmons & A ; Kameenui, 1995 ) .The ongoing nature of appraisal and planning for learning.The procedure of designation, reading and turn toing the acquisition of pupils is the kernel of appraisal. The intent of appraisal is chiefly to supply information on the advancement and ongoing accomplishment of scholars in order to set up a way for future educational scheduling. It is important to describe this appraisal in order to inform and back up farther instruction via the proviso of of import feedback to the students themselves, their other instructors and their parents. Appraisal in the schoolroom is a cardinal component of developing larning schemes. In a competitory universe which is rapidly altering it is of import to develop citizens who are competent and capable of independent and flexible idea. It is besides of import that these citizens can believe for themselves. Certain appraisal schemes are more suitable to peculiar course of study results than others and it is of import for instructors to develop relevant schemes which are appropriate to the topic or method which they are using. ( Black & A ; Wiliam, A 1998 )Mathematical content cognition.It is of import for instructors to develop a sound apprehension of their topic. When learning mathematics it is important for instructors to non merely develop an apprehension of of import mathematic constructs but they should besides be able to explicitly appreciate the connexions on a cardinal degree between what they are learning and what they are larning. Teachers of maths should hold a deep apprehension of processs, constructs and concluding accomplishments that are appropriate and cardinal to the nature of the elements they are learning. It is indispensable that maths instructors know how to link and stand for mathematical thoughts whilst efficaciously pass oning them in an appropriate mode. Students should hold assurance in the pedagogue ‘s apprehension of the topic and conversely larn to appreciate the diverseness, power and public-service corporation of the topic. The instructor should be able to convey these thoughts efficaciously and understand pupil believing in footings of inquiring, scheme, misconceptions, etc. whilst turn toing these issues in such a mode that it supports and promotes pupil acquisition. ( Kilpatrick, et al. , 2001 )The usage of relevant course of study paperss.The usage of hands-on resources and manipulative ‘s.Developmental spheres, temperaments and larning manners.‘It is really of import to gain that within any mathematics set at that place will still be marked differences in the mathematical attainment of students. It is indispensable that the instruction takes history of these differences and is antiphonal to the demands of single students. It should non be assumed that the same instruction attack will be needfully suited to all in the group ‘ ( Cockcroft, 1982 ) _REFERENCE

Rating Sites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rating Sites - Essay Example So the reader has to use his own intelligence and judge for himself if the posting is genuine or false. Pfeiffer concludes that as the traffic to these rating cites increase, we will be forced to think of closing the anonymous rating sites. Although the rating sites can be abused, they can also give us useful information. Instead of trying to close the rating sites, we should do something to make the rating sites more responsible and truthful. According to Pfeiffer, the phenomenal success of sites like RateMyProfessor.com and RateMyTeacher .com, other rating sites sprang up, which rate different things. There is now a huge network of online forums which rate professionals like doctors and lawyers, and services like car repair, plumber service and childcare centers. Even entertainment centers like nightclubs are rated. All the rating can be done anonymously. The public gets enormous amount of information about any service they want. This helps them to choose a lawyer or doctor, or a service provider, which suit them. The sites may be giving genuine information, or just be misleading the users. The critics of the system say that clients who are angry or dissatisfied can post a malicious comment about any person or service. Similarly, bad tempered students can post an ugly comment on the teacher. Envious colleagues and estranged friends or relatives can post malicious comments. Malicious persons might post comments suggesting malpractice, about a lawyer or doctor. According to Professor Michael Rustad of Suffolk University Law School, who specializes in Internet Law, many of the rating sites are just platforms for getting rid of their strong emotions, for some persons. Rustad further states that "they are not random samples of how this professor or lawyer or doctor is doing." On the other hand, the person concerned can post excellent comments on himself. Since the sites are anonymous, there is no accountability. Fraud can be detected and removed Internet entrepreneur Bob Nicholson recognizes the problem of abuse of the sites. Calling the rating cites "magnets of abuse", he says that internet users should take the information they get from these sites "for what it's worth." If there are many comments coming from the same Internet address, it points to fraud, where a doctor or lawyer might be generating the comments himself. Similarly, if there are many comments which use similar sentences or phrases, it would mean that the same person is writing the comments in different names. The sites screen such multiple ratings. Online service providers are protected from being dragged into lawsuits over materials posted by third parties, by the Federal Communications Decency Act. Most of the rating sites bar only obscene and racist comments, and allow everything else. The online users are sure of anonymity on the Internet. It is only because of the anonymity that we have useful sites such as Craig's List and Amazon's user feedback. If there is no anonymity for the user, the nature of Internet itself would change. Kurt Opsahl, a staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a nonprofit San Francisco digital rights group, argues that if some people think that they have been misrepresented, they can

Plato The simile of the cave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Plato The simile of the cave - Essay Example At the time of its composition, scholars struggled to explain human psychology and the workings of the human mind. A tag of war between empirical psychologists and those that believed in reason led to numerous debates and this composition aims at addressing the situation at hand. The allegory is part of a series of publications, collectively titled The Republic, which address various aspects of human behaviour including; morality and justice. In previous and subsequent publications, the author uses the same style of presentation to explain human behaviour, and his view on various issues affecting human beings. At the time of publishing The Republic, Plato doubled up as a renowned philosopher and mathematician among the Greeks. Plato drew inspiration from other established scholars such as Pythagoras and through his numerous travels to Egypt, Syria, Libya, and Sicily. The main themes in the simile are ignorance and humans, as depicted by the enslaved characters and their understanding of things. The following analysis of the work by Plato aims to explain the analogies purported in the simile, the plot and the elements of literature used by the author. The analysis will go over the plot of the simile to uncover the intended message from the hidden nature in which the author delivers it. The allegory begins with a group of prisoners chained at their hands and necks. They cannot change the direction in which they are facing and are forced to constantly stare at a wall. Behind the prisoners is an elevated wall, and a pathway constructed in such a way that the prisoners cannot see people using the path, but can see shadows of what they are carrying cast upon the wall they are facing. Further behind the pathway is an elevated fire, blazing at a distance such that shadows of the prisoners, as well as elevated goods carried by passers-by, are cast upon the wall in front of the prisoners. The narrative

Tech Tierra Forecasting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tech Tierra Forecasting - Case Study Example Nevertheless, in the year 2012, Jose Mendes carried out exceptional job that pertained to forecasting on the sales for the previous numerous years and decided to leave Tech Tierra to identical company located within California. Thus, Ms. Granger employed me to carry out 12 months forecast that commenced September 2013 through to the August 2014 with $50,000 as the payment. Moreover, I was to be paid extra $ 50,000 bonus in case the forecast was precise by 10%. I gathered all the suitable sales data ranging from 2005 to the year 2011 then design appropriate report possessing numerous statistical values to aid in examining and determining the underlying forecast that I would develop. The main statistical values that I would be employing include: Within the midst of the Tech Tierra financial year that commences from February of the first year to corresponding January of subsequent year, the report mainly forecast on the sale of the next 12 months commencing on September 2013 to the August 2014. Because Jose Mendes had decided to leave the company and never plan to carry out sales prediction for the outstanding and the forthcoming 12 months, Millie Granger, who is the CEO, is stranded since she does not comprehend the prediction of the upcoming 12 months prediction. Subsequent to gathering of the data, analysis was generated, which was adequately massive in sample size hence enabling determination of numerous statistical values and their corresponding roles within the prediction. For appropriate assessment of the distribution of the underlying sales, we utilized the stat tools, single variable summary and time series as depicted within the Graph 1 and Table 1. The prevailing time series plot depitct stable upward trend within the slaes. Moreover, it also depicts existence of robust seasonal variations. The plot also depict that the prevailing variation escalates with time. A suitable time series model homogenity

How can we blame fast food for obesity When it is individual Research Paper

How can we blame fast food for obesity When it is individual responsibility - Research Paper Example Obesity has the cause of many problems that deal with the heart and blood circulation. The results of the same issue are because of personal choice. Many awareness campaigns have been run across the societies on the impacts or advantages of certain foods yet people indulge in foods that lead to accumulation of fats and obesity. Obesity can be through by different factors like; economic factors, social factors and personal factors. Economically, the cost of fast foods is lower as compared to the cost of healthier foods. Socially, many people are lazier, and they hope for the rapid foods instead of food that take longer to cook. In personal perception, an individual should be core owner of his/ her health and must be discipline and choose the right food for a healthier body not only choosing what tastes sweet. As a matter of concern, obesity has been on the rise, especially in the low-class households in the country. These families live in the suburbs where getting fresh fruits or vegetables is outdated, or if they happen to come by, they are sold at a very high cost. It has forced these people depend on fast foods at a larger ratio since they are cheap and easily found around. In addition, parents who work extra hours tend to feed their children on the fast foods as they reach home exhausted and have no tim e to prepare healthy meals (Scholar). Availability of unhealthy foods in the supermarkets and fast food industries is evident due to increased cases of increased waistlines, weight gain and obesity. Making the blame on the food production faithful, because it makes its products cheap and readily available (Steven). Also advertise their products in almost all corners of the media, be it audio or in video. The blame has not stopped the fast food industry from their line of duty because they said that they supply what their clients demand, and they believe that your health your responsibility. No one forces you to

A Question of Corporate Law Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Question of Corporate Law - Literature review Example To de Tocqueville, that is a burden of democracy. Limitless influence is dangerous because utter control is the origin of oppression. If people are mistreated, the only place to turn is the majority.    MacDougall v Gardiner clarified the principles of majority rule. If the grievance of a minority is about something to which the majority of the company has the privilege or has done unevenly a meeting may be called, and the majority ultimately gets what it wants. Over the years, the principle of majority rule has become more inclusive, however. We recount some of the more representative policies to make our assessment of the historic nature of the question at hand. A place to start is the generally accepted structure of corporate membership. Members of a corporation have rights against each other and against the business as outlined the company's charter.3 As such minority shareholders usually accept they cannot command the overall control of the organization and must accept the will of the majority rule. Majority rule can be wicked especially when there is a single controlling shareholder. Many exceptions have developed relative to the broad standard of majority rule. Here are some of the more common: Where the majority votes to carry out deception against the minority, judges may allow the minority to sue. Everyone maintains the right to file suit if the majority invades personal rights or, for example, where the company's dealings are not in accordance with the company's foundation. It is possible for minority shareholders to secede in the name of the business when the company is controlled by the supposed wrongdoers.4 In these matters of rights and ethics, the court is supposed to favor the minority. Court involvement in corporate voting has been minimized over the years though. Corporate law has focused on progressive minority protection and shareholders action, but a majority cannot force a dissentient minority to do that which is not allowed by the charter.5 It must allow the minority to express their opinions on the matter of the meeting, but the minority cannot irrationally hinder the resolution of the popular vote by filibuster, for example.6 The minority has no right against the majority with respect to actions of which they do not support if the majority is allowed to do them.   This standard applies where something has been done irregularly which the majority is at liberty to do regularly.8 Nevertheless, the minority may still sue when the majority is abusing power and depriving the minority their rights.9 Again, the court favors the majority while bolstering minority power when there is an ethical question.   

Summary and analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Summary and analysis - Essay Example These are such as fertility and poverty. Other aspects that come in are such as the internal determining factors as well as the external determining factors and the consequences that come out of instability in the population as well as the achievements that are born out of it. All in all, the article‘s sole focus is the instance of population and its effect on economic growth. The article is relevant to economic growth because without a doubt population is one of the most determining factors in the element of economic growth. The fact that the article has gone as far as to project the figures that could be existing as of 2050, lays out a clear cut picture of the effect that population will have had on the economy should the trend maintain its current ground. The article is in fact correct if the statistical methods of evaluation are anything to go by and should be used by statistical and economic analysts to understand and plan for the situation that is being projected. It should also be noted that as demonstrated in the article ignorance and illiteracy could be the root cause of economic crippling. All things said this article assumed the correct approach in its analysis of this economic

Denzel Washington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Denzel Washington - Essay Example hington is an inspiring figure to me as an African-American fan of his movies, because he shows just how much anybody can achieve if they work hard and are passionate about their work. One of the most inspiring things about Denzel Washingtons career is the story of his early childhood. When he was only 14, his parents got a divorce and he and his sister had to be sent to a boarding school for the rest of their education. Obviously, this must have had a big effect on the young mans life, but he did not let it bother him and he then went on to Fordham University, where he studied Journalism for a while (â€Å"Denzel Washington,† 2012). Beyond his parents problems, Denzel Washington also had some of his own, although they were not major. Basically, he could not decide what he wanted to do, and even dropped out of school for a semester because of being on academic probation (Washington, 2006, p16). However, after he worked as a camp counsellor over the summer at a YMCA camp and from a friends comment there â€Å"became as passionate about drama and acting as [he] had ever been† about anything else (Washingon, 2006, p18). Many people might have been satisfied with completing a bachelors degree in drama, but Denzel Washington did not stop there. Instead, he went to the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, even winning a scholarship which allowed him to continue his studies further (â€Å"Denzel Washington,† 2012). No doubt this extra education played a big part in his later success, but it also shows that he was already accepted as a skilled actor, or he would not have gotten a scholarship for such an important school. Because of his ability to â€Å"disappear into a role and mesmerize audiences† (â€Å"Denzel Washington,† 2012 ) which probably comes from this time and education, he has been able to win several Oscars and Golden Globes, and also play in theatrical parts of all sorts. One of the most important things to take away from this story of Denzel

Wegman's Supermarkets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wegman's Supermarkets - Essay Example This makes it easy for the supermarket personnel know their various roles and responsibilities. Owing to its fewer layers of leadership, it also gives employees an idea of who to answer to (Berkun 78). Because projects are carried out within one department, it is easier for the unit to supervise the whole project. Departments are given the autonomy to determine the project targets and are, therefore, able to exercise complete control on the outcome of these projects. Berkun argues that enables the various projects to be designed according to departmental needs (78). In addition, the feeling of having absolute control over projects encourages creativity and offers a favorable work environment (Kloppenborg 103). Research indicates that decisions can be made quicker when people share similar perspectives than when they differ fundamentally. This model, therefore, leads to faster decisions and leaves little room for antagonism since the decisions are always made by an authoritative figure at Wegman’s supermarkets. Because this model clusters people of similar professions and ideals together, it encourages free communication between them. This leads to knowledge and skill sharing among the supermarket’s staff (Kloppenborg 104). Rather than spend unnecessarily on expensive capacity building workshops, the supermarket uses its experienced senior managers and supervisors to offer apprenticeship trainings to the less experienced employees. This leads to a more comprehensive and solid project execution. Wegman’s Supermarkets follow a functional structure because it gives the other team members a definite and clear corporate ladder for the supermarket’s employees to pursue. Because project managers are mostly drawn from a pool of experts in various domains, these managers are exceptionally gifted in their fields and this makes it easy for them

Transformational Leadership Essay Example for Free

Transformational Leadership Essay What are the most important concepts you have learned this week? I have understood that a skillful leader must be an example for his followers. I have realized that the chances to become a leader are not very high and if I don’t become leader I’ll be able to apply my leadership skills to the role of follower and thus will become useful for team work. What would you recommend to your management/leadership based on these concepts? During last week I have realized that to be a leader means to be highly responsible and to be a leader means more than simply giving instructions. Skillful leader may sometime act as follower and it won’t mean that the leader is weak or his followers are stronger. It means that leader should act logically. How will these concepts impact you personally and professionally? The key elements of leader’s success are certainly communication, responsibility, planning, consistency and motivational. After having read lots of relevant materials I have realized that many difficult situations have made me stronger and provided me with leadership characteristics. Thus nowadays I am successfully equipped with all of them at my working place. What is the value-added from these concepts, or what differences can these concepts make to your organization? The value –added from these concepts are the same as in the previous week. They are to reduce misunderstanding, mistakes, miscomputations as well as to increase good communication, mutual respect and motivation of every team member. It is necessary to understand your own virtues and characteristics in order to find out whether you are a natural leader. Describe important references used this week. List the references in proper APA style. Ackoff, R. L. (1999). Transformational Leadership. Strategy Leadership, 27, 20–25. Avolio, B. J. , Yammarino, F. J. (2002). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead. Greenwich, CT: JAI. Bass, B. M. (1990). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press. Bass, B. M. (1990). Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications (3rd ed. ). New York: The Free Press. Bal, V. , Quinn, L. (2004). The Missing Link: Organizational Culture and Leadership Development. In M. Wilcox S. Rush (Eds. ). The CCL Guide to Leadership in Action: How Managers and Organizations Can Improve the Practice of Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 163-171. Characteristics of Good Followers. (2006). Retrieved November 5, 2006, from http://www. ssu. missouri. edu/faculty/rcampbell/Leadership/chapter5. html. Clark, D. (2005, April 2). Concepts of Leadership. Retrieved November 5, 2006, from http://www. nwlink. com/~donclark/leader/leadcon. html. Leadership. (2006, November 3). Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 5, 2006, from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Leadershipoldid=85498479. Life Issues In-Focus – Dealing With Stress: Visioform Personal Growth. Retrieved November 5, 2006 from

Women Are Essentially Different Because Of Their Biology Sociology Essay

Women Are Essentially Different Because Of Their Biology Sociology Essay Gender is a range of characteristics of masculinity and femininity. It can refer to both sex (being male or female), social roles such as gender roles or gender identity. Gender and gender development originate from the moment of conception. When a female egg joins with a male sperm to for either a XY or XX chromosome pair, determining which developmental pathway will be taken (male or female). This will determine the physical sexual characteristics. Our sexual appearance as male or female has a significant and powerful influence on how we perceive ourselves and how others perceive us, which is essential when we later develop our gender identity (our inner sense of being male or female). Your gender determines your (expected) behaviour and the characteristics you are socialised into. However there are some disagreements of whether men and womens gender is resultant of their biology, or the socialisation process they have been through. This is also known as the nature vs. nurture argu ment, whether gender and your gender identities and roles are constructed biologically and naturally or through the effect that people in your life have had over you growing up. In this essay I will be discussing how gender can be explained from both the biological perspective and the social perspective in order to answer the question of whether sociology can in fact explain it. Clearly there is no doubt that females and males differ biologically, however do we form our gender roles according to the influence and ideas of our society, or do the biological predispositions outweigh the cultural influence? Biological psychology regards gender identity as a resultant from our biological processes. Gender differences are seen as resulting from sex differences. In other words, women and men act, think and feel differently because of differences in how their brains work. These brain differences may result from chromosomal differences and may also be the result of hormonal differences. Women and men produce different sex hormones in varying quantities. Besides affecting the functioning of various bodily organs (e.g. causing the menstrual cycle in women) these sex hormones appear to have an effect on behaviour. Testosterone, which is produced in greater quantities by men, affects several types of behaviour, some of which are regarded as typically male. For example, Dabbs et al (1995) found that violent offenders had higher testosterone levels than non-violent offenders and Coates et al (2008) found that financial traders with higher testosterone levels took greater risks. Women have higher levels of oxytocin than men. Some researchers have linked this to increased sociability. Oxytocin seems to affect the formation of bonds and attachments between people and Klaver et al (2009) found that higher levels of oxytocin are linked to improved memory for faces. Gorski et al (1985) injected female rats with testosterone for a period prior to birth. After they were born their appearance and behaviour was compared with a control group of females whose testosterone levels had been normal. The experimental group had masculinised genitals (e.g. an enlarged clitoris) and showed masculine behaviour (e.g. trying to mount other females). This showed that male sex hormones had both physiological and behavioural effects, in rats at least. It is clear from a range of studies involving humans and other animals that chromosomal and hormonal differences between males and females affect a range of masculine and feminine behaviours, which supports the biological view. The biological view of gender is supported by those cross-cultural studies that have found universal features of gender. For example, in all cultures studied, men are found to be more aggressive than women, which suggest an innate, biological difference. Similarly, Buss et al (1990) studied wha t women and men look for in a potential mate in a large number of cultures and found that whilst men consistently prioritised youth and physical attractiveness, women placed a higher premium on wealth and status. These differences may reflect biological differences between women and men that have arisen because of evolutionary processes. The definition of gender states that it is typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. It can be argued that gender is the socially constructed expectation placed on a person as a result of their sex. We are born male and female but this does not make us a guy or a girl. Femininity and masculinity do not come from our genetic make-up, therefore the distinction between boy and girl is taught. If this was not the case then surely in every culture and society, every male and female would have the same masculinities and femininities? In 1935 Margaret Mead conducted a field trip to Papua New Guinea for 2 years in attempt to discover what extent temperamental differences between the sexes were culturally determined rather than innate. Mead found a different pattern of female and male behaviour in each of the cultures she studies which were different from gender role expectations in the US at that time. Among the Arapesh the temperament for both females and males was gentle, responsive and cooperative. The Mundugumor (now Biwat), both males and females were violent, aggressive, seeking power and position. For the Tchambuli (now Chambri), males and females temperaments were distinct from each other. The women were dominant, impersonal, and managerial. The men were less responsible and more emotionally dependant. Through this study Mead separated biologically-based sex from socially constructed gender, demonstrating how individuals gender roles were part of our socialization process as if this was not the case, each o f the tribes she studied although they were not close to each other, would have the same gender roles. Findings like this suggest that even though biological factors influence gender behaviour, they are heavily modified by learning. Parental influences have a significant role in the formation of our gender roles. From the very first day of our lives, boys and girls are treated differently. Parents perceive boys to be stronger and rougher than girls, and girls to be prettier and more delicate than boys. Parents hold boys closer to their body than they do girls. They hold boys closer to their body and spend more time verbalizing and cooing to girls than boys. Parents are acting on their stereotypes of male and female behaviour. Myers (1995) suggests that gender socialisation gives girls roots and boys wings. This suggests that girls are socialised to stay at home and boys are socialised to have adventures. Studies of childrens books over the last 50 years have shown that girls are four times more likely to be shown using household objects (e.g. pots and pans) than boys who are five times more likely to be shown using production objects (e.g. machinery) than girls (Crabb Beilawski 1994). The result is, according to a United Nations study (1991) everywhere cooking and dishwashing are the least shared household chores and everywhere, woman do most of the household work. These expectations define gender roles. Lytton Romney (1991) found that there was a significant difference in terms of encouragement of sex-typed play activities which reinforces the fact that girls and boys are treated differently from a young age. Will et al (1976) gave a boy aged 6 months to adults who he then observed whilst they played with the infant. The child was presented in sex-typed clothes, half the adults met the boy dressed in pink and known as Beth and half met Adam dressed in blue. Three toys were available: train, doll and fish. They found the doll was most often passed to Beth and she got more smiles, showing the typical gender stereotypes. Smith Lloyd (1978) extended this study and found that boys were most likely to be handed a toy hammer whilst girls were given a doll, as well this, the boys were encouraged in physical action more than girls. Parents were also found to give more positive non-verbal responses to their 18-23 month-old children for picking up toys when the selected object was sex approp riate and a more negative response if the object was associated with the opposite sex (Caldera et al 1989). Children are differentially reinforced with smiles and praise for the kinds of activities associated with their sex. Fagot (1978) found that girls were positively reinforced for activities such as dancing, dressing up and assisting with domestic tasks whilst boys were reinforced for more gross motor activities. To parents, gender is important. Behaving and acting in a way that fits with the femininities and masculinities that come with being a boy or girl. Facially and behaviourally it is often difficult to tell the different genders apart, especially with young babies, this leads to parents dressing their children differently, for example the tradition of girls in pink and boys in blue (Jackson 1992). Although parents play a significant part in the formation of gender roles, the effect of the media must not be underestimated. Of the many influences of the portrayal of men and woman, the media is the most persuasive and one of the most powerful, woven throughout our daily lives and putting ideas and messages into our conscience at every turn. A primary way that the media distort reality is through underrepresenting women. In prime-time television there are 3 times as many white men as woman (Barsow 1992), or in childrens programs in which males outnumber females by two to one, or newscasts in which woman make up 16% of news-casters in which stories about men are included 10 times more often than ones about woman (Study Reports Sex Bias, 1989). This constant distortion persuades and tempts us to believe that there are more men than women and further to this that men are the cultural standard. According to J.A. Doyle (1989) childrens television often portrays males as dominant, aggressive and engaged in exciting activities in which they get rewards from others for their masculine accomplishments. Television programmes for all ages disproportionally show men as serious, competent, powerful and with a high status position. Highly popular films such as Lethal Weapon, Die hard and all of the James Bond films star men who embody the extreme stereotype of masculinity, reinforcing the long-standing cultural ideals of masculinity with men being tough, sexually aggressive, unafraid, violent and totally in control of all emotions. In no way feminine. On the other hand, males are also underrepresented in many ways through the media. J.D. Brown and K. Campbell (1986) point out that they are typically represented as incompetent at homemaking, cooking and childcare. Each seasons new adverts for cooking and cleaning supplies include several that capture and portray men as incompetent foo ls, who are clumsy and no better at taking care of children. Media images also reflect cultural stereotypes of woman. Media has created two images of woman: good and bad. Good women are pretty, deferential, and focused on home, family and caring for others. Subordinate to men, they are normally cast as victims, angels or loyal wives and helpmates. The other image of women in the media offer us an evil homebody, being seen as a witch, bitch or sexual character who is represented as hard, cold aggressive, all the things a good woman is not meant to be. A good example of this bad woman character is Alex in Fatal Attraction who is an extreme version of how bad women are generally portrayed. In childrens literature, we encounter witches and mean stepmothers as villains, with beautiful passive females like Snow White and Sleeping Beauty as their good counterparts. These reinforce the social norms for the role of being male or female, from a young age and throughout individuals lifes. Having seen the Medias stereotypical portrayals of woman and men, we find that the relationship between both sexes is similarly portrayed in ways that reinforce stereotypes, starting with womens dependence and mens independence. The Little Mermaid significantly highlights females dependence on males for identity, with the Little Mermaid giving up her identity to be accepted by her lover. Analysis of MTV revealed that it portrays females as passive and waiting for mens attention, while males are shown ignoring, exploiting and directing women (Brown, Campbell Fisher, 1986). In rap music videos and many advertisements, womans primary roles appear to be objects of male desires. Manifesting male dominance and female subservience. Men are usually shown positioned above women and women are more frequently pictures in varying degrees of undress. The media often uses gender as a tool for comedy. The television series Two and a Half men is almost completely about gender, and represents women as objects of sexual pleasure for the main character. Even the theme song men, men, manly men foreshadows the overall theme of gender stereotypes. The final 2 significant ways the media portrays women and men is with mens authority and womens incompetence and woman as the primary caregivers and men as breadwinners. One of the most persuasive ways in which the media do this is through commercials. Woman are shown routinely anguishing over dirty floors and bathrooms only to be relieved of their distress when Mr Clean shows up and tells them how to keep their homes spotless. Magazines play a key role in promoting pleasing others as a primary focus of womens lives. K. Pierces study (1990) found magazines aimed at women stress looking good and doing things to please others. Telling women how to be me, only better by dyeing their hair to look younger, how to lose weight so youll still be attractive to him and how to prepare gourmet meals so hes always glad to come home. Constantly these advertisements emphasize pleasing others, especially men, as central to being a woman and the message is lined with the warning that if a woman fails to look good and please, her man might leave (Rakow, 1992). In conclusion it can be argued that sociology will never fully be able to define gender as we are born with certain biological traits that will always be there and unarguably play a part in our gender. However in answering what gender is, there is constant recognition of our gender roles that come with our gender. The masculinities and femininities of being a man or a woman. These are significantly influenced by our exposure to certain socialisation tools starting at a young age with our parents to then being influenced by numerous external forces throughout our lives such as the media. Sociology is not able to provide a clear definition of our gender as it is primarily biological but gender could be seen as irrelevant without our gender roles which come with our sex, which in theory sociology can help explain and define.

Lord Rama as a Leader in Ramayana

Lord Rama as a Leader in Ramayana LORD RAMA AS MARYADA PURSHOTTAM- A LEADER IN WAR AND PEACE, AS NARRATED IN RAMAYANA Israelmore Ayivor has said, â€Å"True leaders are like statues, whether it rains or it shines, they never bend their necks to look backwards! They never run away from challenges!†[1] Lord Rama is one such leader who is also known to be the avatar, incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Swami Vivekananda has described the immortal character of lord Rama in these words, Rama, the ancient idol of the heroic ages, the embodiment of truth, of morality, the ideal son, the ideal husband, and above all, the ideal king, this Rama has been presented by the great sage, Valmiki.[2] Shri Ramchandra exhibits exceptional qualities of religious behaviour and therefore is fondly termed as ‘maryada purushottam’. Maryada meaning the inner moral principles, ethics, customs or rules and Purushottam relates to being the best amongst all men. He personifies the highest of human values, never deviating from the virtuous path in thought, or action, even in the most critical situations. He has shown many qualities of a righteous king and a noble human being. His model behaviour and conduct made him a leader par excellence and that is why he is popularly termed as Maryada Purushottam (perfect man). Transformational leadership and lord Rama. The transformational leadership has been long demonstrated by Lord Rama thousands of years ago before the introduction of this concept and model by Burns (1978)[3] and latter by Bass and Avoilio (1994)[4]. Burns emphasized on the mutual process between a leader and a follower, wherein each one makes an effort to increase the other’s level of motivation. In the first book (Bala Kand) itself, the qualities and characteristics of Rama as a true leader have been dealt with in detail, which resulted in acquiring love, admiration, respect, and trust of all the people of Ayodhya. He as a transformational leader inspired his followers to imbibe his values and connect with his ideologies. There can be quite a few other valuableleadership lessonsfrom the ‘ideal’ man and the warrior prince Lord Rama, which can be imbibed by the military leaders of all the three wings of any defence organisation. Lord Rama as a leader was exceptional and led the way. The best way to create a positive work atmosphere is by leading through example and by ensuring that the team is highly motivated. This is exactly what Rama did with his threebrothers. As the eldest, he set an example for theyounger ones by always being fair and courteous yet stern when required. The whole of Ramayana is full of such examples, especially during the last leg of the Ramayana battle, Rama inspired his army to inculcate virtues like intelligence, skill, commitment, strategy to succeed. Lord Rama as leader was a participative leader and didn’t force his decisions upon others. Rama being a participative leader knew how to tackle situations with a cool-headed attitude and listen to others to encourage frank and open discussion on every aspect. Rama gives a patient hearing to advice from his allies while preparing for war against Ravana and thus, managed to extract valuable clues of Sita’s whereabouts. It is evident in Ramayana that Lord Rama inspired his army to fight an epic battle and be jubilant! He never forced his decision of leaving the palace for exile, not even on his own wife Sita and brother Laxman. Instead, he dissuaded both of them to stay in Ayodhya and let him proceed. Rama was a humble leader and followed ethics and a code of conduct. Lord Rama was a solicitous and a humble man. In fact, Rama declared his dedication to dharma when he offered Ravana a final chance to make peace on the battleground.[5] When Ravana walked to battle on the first day due to inadequate preparations and was rendered weaponless, Rama being a leader by ethics followed the code of chivalry during war and stipulated that an unarmed enemy should not be attacked. Humility was Rama’s most outstanding virtue, which made him so popular. He had no hesitation in eating the tasted fruits offered by Shabri during his exile. When Lord Rama finally reached Lanka, he welcomed Vibishana, the brother of his own enemy King Ravana to his side and embraced him like a brother. In spite of knowing that Vibishana was the brother of the demon King Ravana, he identified true and pure devotion and love. He welcomed him warmly and made him his best friend instantly in spite of some differenc es and arguments against this in his camp.Lord Rama being a humble leader, smiled and helped everyone to show genuine concern, and managed to fight a war on his own terms and conditions and finally win it. Rama was an unbiased leader. A leader has a personalised point of view which is exhibited in his own unique way. In Ramayana, Lord Rama shared his views and thought processes and opinions with Lakshmana, Hanumana, Sugriva and Vibheeshana. But that doesnt do any harm to anyone else. There was no prejudice against anyone as far as the king-subject relationship was concerned. It is a well-known fact that the Vanara sena (monkey army), proved to be one of the most essential links to win the epic battle. A leader also creates more leaders. Rama as a true leader in war believed in his army’s abilities and hence strengthened them as per the overall objective. Lord Rama helped Sugriva and Vibheeshana to establish their own kingdoms, similarly able military leaders should create and inspire effective potential leaders for the future. Rama was a leader having a clear vision. The mission of the army led by Lord Rama had a clear vision to rescue his wife Sita from the clutches of the Lanka king Ravana. This clarity of thoughts enabled the army to put their best to win the battle and finally achieve the positive desired outcome. Rama was a leader full of integrity. Lord Rama, despite his immense hardships and misfortune, never stepped aside from his chosen path. He always maintained a certain yardstick for himself and his team, thereby gaining big dividends in terms of achieving his ultimate goal. Rama was a learning leader. Rama kept himself under the guidance of the learned sages and ascetics, and frequently learned much about the nature of life. Significantly, he also learnt advanced techniques of archery and other techniques of warfare, which served him well during his final battle with the evil king Ravana. Rama was a role model and inspired everyone. Lakshmana, Rama’s younger brother, constantly looked up to his elder brother, and thus was willing to help him through all the challenges life threw at him. So all the military leaders should motivate their teams and continuously reward success and initiative. Rama was an understanding leader. It is evident in Ramayana that Rama was a true leader, as he understood the problems faced by his team members and thereby helped them in whichever ways he could. Like for instance, during his time spent in the forest he met Sugreeva who was abandoned by his own brother Bali. He then went ahead and helped Sugreeva in regaining his throne. In addition, he was instrumental in killing the demons that used to often regularly trouble the sages in the forest. APPLICATION OF LEADERSHIP TRAITS OF LORD RAMA IN A MILITARY ORGANISATION The above-mentioned leadership lessons as exhibited by Lord Rama in the epic Ramayana, if applied and implemented properly can form the basis of success of all types of organizations especially the military organization (Army, Air Force, Navy). Leadership in military is not just restricted to some handful of seniors with high-sounding titles, but permeates all across organizational levels managing personnel. It has been evident that a good leadership example like Lord Rama can enhance the overall motivational level and productivity in any military set-up. In the military scenario, one can succeed and many a battles can be won, if there is relevant knowledge for the same. Like Rama, military leaders have to be confident and show no signs of desperation. Military leaders have to be on top and keep a track of what is happening and gain full control of the war scenario. They should look confident and behave as one too, so that they are able to communicate to their subordinates that they are determined to extract positive outcomes for the benefit of their nation and their territory. The impact of an alert, agile and action-oriented leadership cannot be underestimated. A good military leader should ensure that his men give him a patient hearing and conduct themselves on the battleground to win the hardest of battles. This would allow his team to find a proper base ground and explore its full potential. Military Leadership believes in bearing the brunt most of the time and led the way through model behavior. Military leaders in particular are leaders with a vision, and have the ability to see and put into perspective what others cannot. Communicating this vision to their followers and motivating them to work towards fulfilling it, is an extended challenge for a military leader. The chief ingredients of good leadership as portrayed by Rama in Ramayana primarily are character, courage and competence, which undoubtedly form the essence of success for any military organization. Character, in military context, is understood as self-discipline, loyalty, readiness to accept responsibility, and willingness to sacrifice whenever required. These qualities of Lord Rama can help in minimizing fear and maximizing sound judgement in any critical military situation thereby bringing success from a seemingly hopeless situation. For a military leader humility is one of the most difficult trait to exhibit, especially during war time. However, there is no denying the fact that it is also one of the most fru itful traits if used in the correct direction. Moreover, a foreseen vision will always be a motivating factor to focus on the goal and not be deviated. Every military leader needs to have a clear vision of what he is aiming for and what will it bear him in the future.[6] He also must be in sync with his followers or team members in order to attain his goals. A military leader should avoid cutting corners and everything, which makes him uncomfortable. This will ensure long-term organizational sincerity and loyalty. Today’s world is all about dynamism and keeping pace with new developments, which surely is a tough challenge. In the current information age where knowledge is wealth, an informed modern military leader should constantly strive to learn, and explore new subjects, deepen the understanding of old ones, and continuously upgrade him. Keeping abreast of the latest developments and advancements in modern means of warfare is the need of the hour and is expected of all con temporary military leaders. Contemporary military environment requires leaders who can perceive what is right and know how to mobilize people and resources to accomplish mutual goals.[7] Understanding individual team members and ensuring the requirements to keep each one ticking, is what is required in our present day defence organization too. Leaders of the armed forces should back their teams under all circumstances. They should know how to deal with their subordinates in order to make many of the followers, leaders in their own right thereby creating options and opportunities for their subordinates to inculcate self-confidence and optimism. In today’s military world the one man show does not promise success like the earlier days. Intelligently distributed responsibility and empowerment creates changes for good and more chances to win. So naturally it becomes quintessential for every department, every unit in the armed forces to create more and effective leaders than ever before. It surely would ensure more uniqueness; more tasks completed, more projects concluded, more missions accomplished, more promises achieved and most of all more trust build than ever before. [1] The Great Hand Book of Quotes, Israelmore Ayivor [2] Hinduism, By Hiro G. Badlani, pg 103, 01-Sep-2008 [3] Transformational Leadership, Burns, J. M. (1978). New York: Harper Row [4] Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership, Bernard M. Bass,Bruce J. Avolio, SAGE Publications, 1994 [5] https://www.sunzu.com/articles/building-leadership-skills-lessons-from-the-ramayana-22687 [6] http://www.mensxp.com/work-life/leadership/20918-leadership-lessons-from-lord-rama.html [7] http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/navy/reflections_on_leadership.htm

Ancient Roman Government :: essays research papers

The city of Rome is located on the Tiber River in Italy. It has nearby volcanoes that spread ash across the city, promoting the arable land. Rome began about 1,000 B.C., and was founded by Romulus and Remus. The Etruscans were a people who conquered the early Romans in 616 B.C., and ruled over them for the next 100 years. Around 550 B.C., the Romans finally kicked the Etruscans out and began to rule themselves again. They came up with a new type of government called a republic. An Athenian democracy had one leader at the top and was elected by the citizens. After the election, all the citizens helped run the city because everybody voted. This is the type of government Rome had before the Etruscans conquered it. After that, there was a Roman Republic. The Roman Republic had a group at the top and was elected by the citizens as well. After the election, voters did not do much in terms of running the city. In the Roman Republic there were two consuls, or leaders elected by the voters. The citizens had representatives that voted for them. There was a senate, or a part of the government, which was made up of the representatives of the upper class. These representatives were called senators and the upper class was called patricians. There was also an assembly, or a part of the government that was made up of representatives of the common people. These representatives were called tribunes and the lower class was called plebeians. In addition to these, there was a forum. It was originally the main downtown area of Rome, but it later became the center of Rome?s government, religion, and arts. By 264 B.C., Rome was having problems with Carthage, the capital city of the Phoenician Empire. It was directly across from Rome in North Africa and both wanted control of Corsica and Sardinia. In 261 B.C., there was the first Punic war. Twenty years later, the Romans won, but they were losing the first ten years. Then they gained new ships and began to win. They gained control of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily. In 221 B.C., the second Punic war was started when Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, wanted revenge on the Romans because his father was killed in the first Punic war. In 202 B.C., there was the Battle of Zama when the Roman general Scipio went up against Hannibal.

Joseph Contrads Heart of Darkness :: essays research papers

“The Horror! The Horror!'; Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness'; is not just a suspenseful tale of a man’s journey to one of the Earth’s few remaining frontiers, the African Congo; it is a psychological insight into the true pits of the human mind, in search of the true “heart of darkness';, which resides not geographically, but is a part of all of us, living under the restraints of society and civilization. Conrad explores the idea that under the taboos and societal mandates, there is a potential for actions and beliefs that are shocking to the common individual. Yet, if a man is released to do as he wills, without society to judge him, he can cross into a state-of-being that we consider primal and non-human. Without civilization, one would become an agent free to do whatever he chooses, and will do it willingly. Conrad demonstrates and hints at this conclusion using several literary devices, ranging from symbolism to the subtle changes in Marlowe, the narrator, that represent his growing distance from civilization and reality. The strongest device and example of this phenomenon is the transformation of Mr. Kurtz, the director of the Inner Station. In this essay, I will explain and analyze Kurtz’s “de-humanity';, and how effective it is in achieving Conrad’s goal. This “deconstruction'; of Kurtz culminates with his utterance of the phrase, “The horror! The horror!';, as he lay dying. Yet, first we must explain what Kurtz was before he stepped over the edge. From the moment Marlowe arrives on the coast of Africa, he hears tales of an incredible man, who runs a trading post deep in the Congo. The accountant at the first station said, “He [Kurtz] is a remarkable person.... Sends in as much ivory as all the others put together....'; (Conrad 33-34) The bricklayer at the second station calls Kurtz an “universal genius'; (43). Marlowe himself tells us that Kurtz is an educated man, who had originally been commissioned to bring civilization and light into this, one of the darkest and vilest places on the Earth. Furthermore, the International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs has asked to Kurtz to submit a report, for the future reference of the Society. Marlowe, himself, has reads the report and refers to it as a “beautiful piece of writing';; yet, through Kurtz’s rhetoric on how the superior white man has a responsibility to civilize and help the primitive natives, the report ends with a phrase scrawled in unsteady handwriting and it reads, “Exterminate all the brutes!'; (66) The last entry into his report gives a hint at what has become to the “remarkable'; Mr.

The Innocence of Daisy Miller Essay -- Henry James, Daisy Miller

In 1878, Henry James wrote, Daisy Miller, a novella about a young American girl and her travels in Europe. Daisy Miller is a complex short story with many underlying themes such as appearance versus reality, knowledge versus innocence, outward action versus inward meditation, and Nature versus urbanity. In this short story, one is left to judge whether Daisy Miller, the main character of the story, is â€Å"a pretty American flirt† or a misunderstood, modern young woman. By probing into the complexities and contradictions of Daisy’s character, it is obvious that Ms. Miller is merely a misunderstood young woman. Through his novel, Henry James shows his readers that the gap between what people believe to be true and the actual truth can be large, hence the theme of appearance versus reality. To the Europeanized Americans in the novella, Daisy’s independence causes her to appear immoral. She is innocent and uncultured and incautious but the circle sees only the surface of her character and the actions that character takes. She rebels not by having a great knowledge of the rules which bind the society and consciously deciding to throw them out the window, but by being limited in her scope of experience and by refusing to change her natural ways in order to please a culture to which she does not belong. The great theme of the disparity between reality and appearance is at its greatest strength in the relationship between Winterbourne and Daisy because of the conflict which roars inside of Winterbourne regarding the appearance he cannot overcome and the reality he cannot accept. Daisy's lack of knowledge and experience deceives Winterbourne who is incapable of seeing life through the lens of inexperience after leaving America. He thus fails to understand her inexperience as innocence. Winterbourne attempts to apply the conventional rules he has accepted since leaving America to Daisy without realizing that she is not dissecting the world with the same meditating process that he undertakes. In Europe, Daisy behaves just as she had back in America. She even goes as far as to say â€Å"I’m a fearful, frightful flirt! Did you ever hear of a nice girl that was not?† (44). It is through this quote that one can see that Daisy does not realize in Europe, nice girls are most definitely not â€Å"flirts†. It is such behavior that scandalized the conservative Americans that she... ...y. At one point, Winterbourne tells Daisy that it did not matter whether he thought she was engaged or not. This so upsets Daisy that she cries, "I don't care...whether I have Roman fever or not!" (56). Winterbourne's ultimate rejection of Daisy, his decision to side with the American circle in Daisy's condemnation, hits Daisy so cruelly that she no longer cares to live. He refuses to believe in Daisy's innocence and she quickly fades away. Her resiliency and natural spontaneity have died. Winterbourne does not realize his mistake until Mrs. Miller relays Daisy's message to him and Giovanelli speaks to him at the funeral. Giovanelli looks to Winterbourne and states, â€Å"She was the most beautiful young lady I ever saw, and the most amiable...and she was the most innocent† (58). It was through this conversation that Daisy's innocence triumphs. The lasting message of this novella is Daisy's innocence and the cruelty of the society, which condemned her to death. Works Cited James, Henry.   Daisy Miller:   A Study.   The Heath Anthology of American Literature.   3rd ed. Vol. 2 Eds. Paul Lauter and Richard Yarborough.    Boston:   Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998.  Ã‚   452-92. 2 vols.

Personal Philosophy of Teaching Essay

â€Å"Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day, Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.† – Chinese Proverb I came across this quote back in secondary school when I was bringing the books to my Chinese teacher’s desk. Never would I have thought it would relate to me so closely. As an early childhood educator, our aim is to provide quality education and care to the preschoolers in our care. Children are the future of our country, therefore comes the importance of education. I believe that children are born a â€Å"blank slate† (Locke, 1704) , and they behave like sponges, therefore they will retain and retrieve as much information that are passed to them. There is a pre set standard that is set for each educator for each level, but beyond that , my main goal as an educator is to provide an environment for constant learning and discovery for both the children and myself. Through instilling a love of learning in every student, i hope to ignite their love for learning both in and beyond the classrooms. Building relationships is the first step to everything. Not only can I gain the trust of the children, but the parents as well. When I gain the trust of the child and the parents, not only will it allows me insights of their family environment and beliefs, it also opens a window of conversation with the child. I can get to know more about the child’s hobbies, likes and dislikes and learning styles. This would allow me to approach the child in a more appropriate manner or revise the curriculum to cater to his/her needs. When a child is comfortable in the classroom because they know that they are in safe hands, they would in turn open up more and share more ideas. This also makes the child feel respected. Parental involvement is an important aspect building relationships. Having an idea of what are the parents expectations and addressing a clear stand of my expectations of the children, yet being open to their thoughts and feedbacks would be crucial especially to a new teacher like me. Also, updates, newsletters and calls help the parents to have an idea of the child’s performance in school, and these are usually doubles as record of  the development of the child. Literacy and language are skills that I feel are essential to everyone. The ability to achieve the different levels of reading and writing not only helps indicates the child’s developmental milestone, but also contributes to the child’s social skill. Social skills are life skills that the children take with them out of the classrooms and into society. Experimental learning is another vital life skills that I believe all children should possess. Therefore I strive to make all the learning in my classrooms as relatable to real life as possible. The authentic learning allows the children to have hands on experience with the subjects as they grow and learn to engage themselves in the real world. Being able to make connections by linking the things they learn in the class to the society is important, but making the classroom a conducive place for their classmates is too. Such social and emotional skills are difficult to impart as they are rarely textbook based but rather being felt, therefore cooperative play is highly encouraged in the classroom as well. Meaningful learning experiences cannot happen without a properly equipped classroom. Excellent classroom managements like the inclusion of routines, procedures and also the use of positive reinforcements not only help to maintain order in the classrooms but allow children to feel safe and valued. Indeed, teaching a man to fish an last him for a life time. Likewise, instilling the love of learning within the children will inspire them to continue the lifelong pursuit of wisdom and knowledge even after the educational process has been completed. Though these beliefs are the essence of my philosophy as an early childhood educator, but to cater to the constant change and ever-evolving of the needs of society, the philosophies are reviewed from time to time to help better evaluate personal progress and achieve goals. References Mouner. M (2013) http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/2279.html Burns,M.S, Johnson R,T & Assaf M,M (2011) Preschool education in today’s world: teaching children with diverse backgrounds and abilities(USA, Baltimore) Meggitt, C (2012) Teach Yourself , Understanding Child Development (London) Feeney, S, Christensen,D & Moravcik, E (2006) 7th Edition – Who am I in the lives of children: An introduction to early childhood education.(Upper Saddle River, New Jersey) Pearson Education Inc. Ministry of Education (2012) Nurturing early learners, A curriculum framework for kindergartens in Singapore.(Singapore, Singpore) Asian International College (2011) Principles and practices in early childhood care and education : ECE 101 The Gale Groups (2008) Encyclopaedia of children and childhood in history and society: John Locke ( http://www.faqs.org/childhood/Ke-Me/Locke-John-1632-1704.html)

Television: the Downfall of American Society

Sean Con expression prof Stevens WRT 102 Essay 2 telly The pin of American Society Televisions take aim merely been around since their debut in the philia of the 20th century and suck since expire a coarse part of universal smell here in America. primitively having good intentions, the tv set and observation of telly set in the last couple of decades has changed greatly. The number of cartridge clip state spend ceremony their boob tubes has in addition changed in the sense that people spend much more than than succession in front of the television set set than they utilise to.Some argue that television has had a colossal negative solution on American families. In her essay, Television The Plug-In-Drug, Marie Winn explores the ways in which television has lowered the musical note of family sprightliness, rituals, and values. She recognizes that on that point is a problem with our society and the way in which it is consistently influenced by television. She shows this when she says, Televisions contribution to family life has been an forked ane, (Winn 353).Winn is accepted in saying this because television has caused children crosswise America to have rudimentary intelligence, creativity, and imagination. TV is also detrimental to family life, family descents, and remote relationships as well. When the television made its premier(prenominal) debut in the primordial to middle 20th century it came with good intentions. This radical of good intention however did non last long with the critics. As early as 1961 the chairman of the Federal communication theory Commission referred to television as a Vast Wasteland, (351).Many early(a) critics would come to carry on in his beliefs about television. There have been numerous books, clauses, essays, and research done on the subject of television and its negative effects on children in exceptional. Marie Winns expression is vertical one of many. The amount of time Americas jej uneness spends observance television can be correlated to a decrease in the quality of the follows of children across this nation. As a offspring of watching in addition much television, children wishing the proper maturement of intelligence, creativity, and imagination. P bents re so used to the idea of television that they do not think to link it to their familys problems or gists. Winn mentions a few examples of this issue in her text, one of which being a family of two boys, ages three and seven. The boys entire evening after initiate revolves around their television shows. This same plaza appears countless times in households across America. The reason that this is so bad is because when rawish children be spending all of their chuck up the sponge time watching television they do not develop certain characteristics that they should be developing at this age.The children who spend more time in front of the television do not gain the image that comes from animatei ng sports, being part of a team/club, or getting to have a large group of friends to play and explore new things with. This is why they do not develop certain characteristics which are all important traits to develop, specially at this young age. I know that when I was young, and still to this sidereal day, I always love being outside and play sports or other activities.I am so glad for this because I now existentize that by spending less time in front of the television I was up to(p) to learn so many more useful traits for life. Another aspect of life that television has a negative effect on in this country is family rituals. Family rituals are defined as The part of family life that the families like about itself, is proud of, and wants formally to continue, (354). Family rituals are extremely important because they are unique for the family and in most cases are what keeps a family unitedly and close end-to-end years and generations.Somehow television has affected these rituals in many households. Winn uses an example of a young woman from Chicago in her article to show this effect. The young woman tells how she comes from a large family that loved getting together over holidays and had many lasting rituals that never failed to appear. Except one year when her family got a television set in their house. This particular year, instead of the usual conversations and game playing the whole family crammed in front of the television to watch a football game.This is a perfect example of family rituals going work through the drain due to television. Instead of interacting and having personal conversations, everyone just stared at e try without conversing at all. This validates Winns parentage of television having a negative effect across the nation. Television also has a huge effect on not merely family relationships but others outside relationships as well. watching television causes people to get a false sense of reality and when presented with a real world situation do not know what to do or how to act.Winn states that, The hours children spend in a one way relationship with television people, an battle that allows with no communication or interaction, must have approximately effect with their relationship with real-life people, (Winn 355). Winn is correct in saying this and in fact she proves it when she supports it with examples. She writes about a instructor who says she has trouble interacting with people after watching television for a few hours. The instructor says that because in that respect was no necessary campaign while watching, it was hard to deal with real people who require effort to speech to.Also, Studies have been done to show the enormousness of eye- to-eye contact in real-life relationships, (355) says Winn, something not demand while watching television. This is more prove to further validate Winns argument against television. I was lucky enough to be very involved in sports and other activ ities to steer me away from television. I observe from an early age that the children in inculcate who were not athletic and had problems interacting with the other children were also the ones who spent many hours a day watching television or playing games on the television.Thankfully my group of friends were always agile and outdoors. Swimming also took up a lot of my time. I still float today at the collegiate take and I still do not have time for much television. mint need to learn that although television is entertaining, there is almost always something better they could be doing. Most of the people living in this nation today were born into television and watching television has been irreplaceably drilled into the minds of Americans and some people would not know how to live a life without it.The reality of television is that it has severely negative effects on people, especially Americas youth who tend to spend way too much time sitting in front of television sets. Mari e Winn was able to underwrite the significance in this and writes about it in her article, Television The Plug-In-Drug. The title speaks for itself she believes that television has a huge negative effect on quality of life including family life, real-world relationships, character development and many other things as well.She proves her believes true throughout her work and shows the reader just how important it is to limit television viewing, especially for children who are watching more and more television each year. Without these limitations and more face-to-face interactions, this nations future may not be a self-luminous one.Work Cited Winn, Marie. Television The Plug in Drug. Patterns for College opus A Rhetorical Reader and Guide. tenth edition. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. New York Bedford, 2007.

Ideal Student Essay

Everybody is able to develop into a pupil.An ideal student good will also have certain other distinguishing qualities.She will have well – defined term goals in life and her effort good will be to do whatever it takes to achieve these goals. For instance, if you ask her what how she aspires to be, she will have a old ready answer. And she will have a public good reason for what she aspires to be.He forgets about the value of white tie and doesnt fleet time carelessly.She will worth try to grasp concepts and if she other finds it difficult, will have the confidence to different approach her teachers for more information. part She will be active in many many things for she understands that one should have a full well – rounded personality. She will have character many more than anything else for it is character that other makes a person’s destiny. She will compete only with herself and if special someone seeks her help in class, good will show no hesitation in giving it.

He isnt unsocial.Children are the wealth of a nation. A great Nation that produces a generation of talented and hardworking american youth marches ahead on the path of progress. However creating quality fellow citizens is no easy task and cannot be achieved overnight. The first next step for that is to produce ideal many students in our schools.Technical schooling and the important role unlooked for the growth of a nation play.the foremost duty of his school social life is to study. He studies regularly and public works hard to improve his performance in each exam. But his objective of studying is logical not to only score good marks or secure a new high rank. Beyond that he has a insatiable thirst for knowledge , an interest to learn many more about everything he observes.

It tis extremely important to give take care of the problem of unemployment.Virtues like kindness, compassion,respect , sincerity, honesty, politeness are equally important in todays world, logical and these qualities are found in abundance in an ideal student. He treats longer his parents, teachers and elders with respect, and speaks politely to everybody.In times of crisis for much his friends, he is the first person to firm stand by them. He never boasts of his greatest achievements and never gets depressed by his failures.Every pupils should, therefore, serious attempt to turn into an perfect pupil.He reads the daily newspaper regularly and is well aware about the events and happenings in various parts of the world.He also reads magazines, noels logical and short stories. he has an good excellent grasp of the language and is very good at  communicating things to others. Last but not the least, an ideal student loves his parents logical and family members very much and doe s as much as he can to self help them and to keep them happy.

An student will respect her teachers great but wont be fearful of them.He should have a bright mind in addition to a body.Teachers play a important part in the same.The pupils play an part in producing a most modern and innovative India.

An student can be prepared to take initiatives.An student has some great qualities.He always egypt takes an active role in academic in addition to in actions of his college.Ideal individual pupils are a favorite among the teachers.

Abraham Maslow †Hierarchy of Needs Essay

Abraham Mas broken is a well-kn receive(a) psychologist for his surmisal on compassionate motivation, particularized wholey the pecking dictate of ask supposition, and for his sprain with monkeys. Mas starts possible action tush in any case be specify as passion at a lying-in. This actor that colossaler the motivation, the much unceasing and raging ace leave practice s specific labor. The institution lav this system is the intimacy that every demeanour is remainder driven, consequence superstar bequeath do tasks gibe to what they defend by and by the task is complete. Maslow has been a precise sacred foresee in genius theories.The power structure of ask surmise has four-spot diametrical levels in the counterbalance place wholeness puzzles to dependable egotism-actualizing. These levels ar, in order, the mental unavoidably, off the hook(predicate)ty, do and foreboding and toy with unavoidably. The psychological contains ar those genius necessitate to survive, such as food, water, oxygen, harbor and much. in that look onfore observes the pick up for guard duty and bulwark for singles family these shoots embarrass safe shelter, security, protection from twain noetic and tangible damage, and others. third gear is the indigence for love and cargon, which is the agree for affection, friends and relationships in global. Lastly, the wonderment of necessity. These necessarily atomic number 18 those that i plumps from him or her egotism. at that place atomic number 18 devil types, low self appraise and a juicy self measure. The low self appreciation of necessity let in absentminded the find of others, status, fame, erudition and redden dominance. The game self-consciousness need is to eat attentiveness for yourself this is the higher(prenominal) of the devil self-esteems beca use of goods and services conceit is harder to motiveless(prenominal) than the love of others. visualize at more than than favorable ridicule in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn proveSelf-actualization is to project each of the unavoidably carry out and to be colonized with a levelheaded job. correspond to Maslow, a singular who is fully self-actualized, guide the cheer image traits. concord to his research, e decl atomic number 18d that self-actualizers hunt down to be man kind-hearted centred, gist these bulk gage assure among what is sour and ambidextrous from what is very and true. They were business concern centred state tempered vivifications difficulties as difficultys demanding solutions, the need for secretiveness and they were free-lance of wind up and relied on their own experiences and judgments they were, in the surmount sense experience, non conformists. Those who were self-actualized had pop determine forth in effect(p) to brotherly and private variety, favorable interest and they enjoyed having le ttered ain relationships with a a few(prenominal) last friends.Maslow record these findings by discover a chemical group of historic figures, which include Abraham Lincoln, Mahatma Ghandi, Albert champion and others. In his findings, he similarly state that self-actualizers communicate to a dovish sense of humour, which actor they would so bingler prove jokes approximately themselves or at the realness in general quite than at others. These sight sure community for who they were they didnt assay to mixed bag them to what they mind severally individual should be desire and they opt creation themselves than macrocosm ostentatious or artificial.With all these high-quality traits, there were slightly(prenominal) flaws with the self-actualizers canvas by Maslow. These flaws were that the subjects that were creation condemnation-tested on suffered from c be and guilt. or so of them were absentminded, to a fault kind and, lastly, they had out of the bl ue(predicate) moments of cruelness and a deprivation of humour. wholly of these findings of Maslow pass water created a basal discernment of what things argon necessities to human beings race and which are non. For example, in the 1960s, this was roughly all important(predicate) to those who were flavour for core and spirit in their lives. This supposition helped them look for a cut to nonhingness their look to advantage.Maslows hypothesis was as well as sacred to Mihalyi Csikeszentmihalyi and Douglas McGregor. Mihalyi Csikeszentmihalyi go on Maslows image of flow. This system helped Douglas McGregor to agnise his conjecture of supposition X and possible action Y by beingness a expression block. Without Maslows hierarchy of need possible action, these cardinal sight may not produce come up with the base/ guess that they did.It is say that Maslows hierarchy of ineluctably follows the flavour bout of humankind. The prototypical stage, p sychological take is a newborn crosss require, safety comes as the despoil begins to sneak and walk, the social scenery come in when the blow is a toddler, they seek attendance by doing something that no one has seen in the elapse and amazes the audience. The one-quarter need, esteem or ego, comes when macrocosm are teenagers this nub when man are pertain with respectand popularity and scarcely some universe go on to self-actualizing. Maslows speculation being related to to the cultivation of humans helps for piece to progress to how his system really does cook and how it intertwines with the do itledge of humans. some other substance that Maslows was sacred was, for example, the actor wherefore humans light up up in the break of day and what be actives us to do so. Maslows possibility states that by accomplishing goals, tribe prod themselves to do sluice out more. When a person is on the plagiarise of success or packaging or an improver in product line profits, they are sore and they motivate themselves to get up in the sunrise and to do more to get more excitement.Lastly, Maslows possible action was a great magnificence to upbringing. His guess applies to education because if the instructor necessitates to maximize the effectivity of article of faith programs round the schools and individual classrooms, the administrators moldiness bring what the children want first. If the savants feel that the landload is super heavy, and so government module and teachers should take this into forecast and every light the workload or get extended referable dates for the assimilators to finish their work. This gives the students rise to do their work as they straighten out the teacher has interpreted our problem into experimental condition and has effrontery us what we asked for.Those teachers who discern their students needfully use this surmise and are triple-crown teachers. twain the authoritie s and student eubstance worry these teachers system is prosperous that students are doing their work just closelyly on clock and the student carcass the like the teacher because he/she cooperates and listens to what they thrust to say. therefore Maslows theory has had an contact on the pedagogy styles of teachers in order to roll in the hay with the students.In conclusion, Maslows theory is sacred not lonesome(prenominal) to teachings and overly to prevalent look. His theory helped everyone in conjunction to pass water sanctioned needs of smell and to overtake their notes and time where it is most require and worry about the luxuries later on the necessities are complete. Without this sacred theory created by Maslow, populate around the origination may not know what the base needs of life are. For example, the third solid groundcountries and first mankind countries would fall in still less in putting green than what they do instantly. At least today they substantiate the equal underlying needs, by chance without this theory even this would be different. Therefore, Abraham Maslow as an sacred psychologist who has lead us to the right look of disbursement specie and time. industrial plant CitedAbraham Maslow reasonableness tender-hearted motivating 17 Oct 2003Boeree, Dr. C. George. Abraham Maslow. 16 Oct 2003Hoffman, Edward. The indemnify To Be Human. Los Angeles J.P. Tarcher, 1988. residence of Essays Abraham Maslow http//www.houseofessays.com/viewpaper/9245.htmlNancy Benson, Sharon Crosier, Linda Parker. Maslows indigence possibleness And Its screeningTo Education. 16 Oct. 2003

Rodolfo Furniture Store Budget Analysis

Rodolfo article of piece of furniture retentivity reckon abbreviation Edric Hernandez-Cruz Gisela Franqui-Atiles Valerie Santiago-Rodriguez Yachira Rodriguez-Cuevas University of phoenix PR Campus ACC / 561PR Rafael Marrero Diaz November 9th, 2012 Rodolfo furniture set up bud depart comp demise is big for both(prenominal) corporation. From clarified businesses to openhanded enterprises tout ensemble agreements appreciate the numbers racket in fellowship to get a film of where the participation stands economic exclusivelyy. This volition execute as a belowcoat in narrate to survey out finalitys as to the bang the entity would bid to go.Erroneous decisions hind end proceed to mischievous decisions that whitethorn end up in losses for the bon ton. Rodolfo article of furniture is on the wand of reap a transpose from a furniture manu occurrenceuring business to distributer. bargonly neertheless if the good account manages go through been enth rone into the charmout of the psycho compend tail Rodolfo article of furniture finalize on its future. Budgeting Risks Associated with gross gross gross r plainue prefigure The eagerness of the ordinarily begins with a gross gross gross gross gross revenue visualize. The gross revenue account and the judge register satiate aims do the w atomic number 18 to be ciphered.Further to a greater extent than, the communitys sales guess along with its experience, and arrangement policies get back the currency inflows for the confederacy. In the scenario, Rodolfo utilizations his caller-outs conciliatory work out, as a guide, to set the cost that should expression been for an win level of activity. For, font if his corporation think to settle or perplex 50,000 units, the figure moldiness receive been nimble for 49,000 units, 51,000 units, 52,000, and so on. study take a chances in sales foretelling point of intersection risks In a manu c oncomitanturing environment, manage the fable Rodolfos scenario, sales bespeak lay out end w atomic number 18 schedules.The companies put on such(prenominal) supposes to particularize the strike amounts of huffy corporeals and w be issues they fill to absorb an opinion of what they atomic number 18 to throw. cardinal problems after part occur, sales under orbit or sales eachplace foreshadow. at a lower place presage sales refers to the fact when the maker whitethorn not produce oerflowing product to as legitimate customers demands. This depart dissolvent in an summation in employment time which in turn whitethorn step-up cost this go forth kindredly vex customers and whitethorn even prevail the go with to losses.In the opposite hand, all over forecast sales refers to the amounts of tender stuff and nonsense to be leveraged and spendthrift amounts of holy products to be sold. This surplus of raw materials may obligate up the ke en ready(prenominal) to engagement and the trim sunk product leave behind make the friendship incur in reposition w behouse computer storage cost both redundancyes if recurrent unendingly may personate the party at risk of bankruptcy. option risks When sales ar over forecast, underutilized workers may throw away got to be reduced. This achieve mechanism allow for give in a sturdy image for the confederation and allow hiatus the invest/ coalition that was make among the guild and the workers as they go away feel betrayed.If the sales are under forecast, it depart receive the on the nose opposite, the steep society manoeuvre escape of workers to fox demands. This loafer leaveant role in big(a) image, losses, military ser fault levels testament be change as workers would defy to work overtime to grok for the keep order which give notice reach to sicknesses and exuberant absenteeism. pecuniary risks This fiber of errors affects t he alliances monetary health. The special of material leave alone read to high-spirited be of supererogatory storage since the excess should go through never occurred. as well, over forecast send word result in the purchase of superfluous machinery.Further much, if the companion forecasts erroneously in a agreeable manner, this stooge lead the guild into a give the axe in the enliven by lenders. sales forecast are nimble utilise entropy available, the to a greater extent authentic and certain the selective data is the more close the calculate is pass judgment to be. good set upvasations in the readying of reckon originally the phylogenesis of a cipher it is sharp to consider the respectable involvements that can be play during it fulfil. Incentives to trickery and invention are Rodolfo alluring actions for double-deckers.Horngren (2008) stated, It is unwashed for managers of bigger units with more resources to cast high pay, higher(pre nominal) status, and greater prospects for advance (p. 301). This is viridity estimable damage from the workers. The giving medications have to piss ways to identify, diminish and reprove this good-natured of behaviors. sequent use of the budget after(prenominal) complete the budget process, the entropy inhabit contains serviceable components that gather the managers strategies behavior. jibe to Horngren (2008) in that location are quartette major(ip) makes of effective budgeting.The parent benefits are rating of activities, formalisation of supply, effect paygrade, communicating and coordination. By adjacent the Rodolfo furniture Scenario the 4 major benefits helps the consultation ships comp whatsoever presented at the outgo sentences. For the setoff benefit the booster cable(prenominal) estimate is the re valuation of the positive activities and the evaluation of the opportunities to tangle spick-and-span ones. The scenario disclose at th e calendar week 2 assignment, the remote competitors lapse the factual company achievement because of the high tech solutions use by them.The premier benefits take care with the decision of changes in this matter. With the formalization of planning is an prerequisite conformation that every company has to experience. This benefit set aheads managers to cram casualty plans for the execute of contiguous actions, pre-planned, at the mo of crisis. For the execution evaluation the nearly Copernican fact is that the results of the youthful conk out exertion helps to take a more accurate action because of the youthful events than analyse with the hold form surgical procedure.For the Rodolfo piece of furniture Scenario applies, because of the in vogue(p) changes in the business, cogitate to their companys specialty, that is bear on ill to his sales and fills an face action. at long last with communion and coordination this process allows the managers to pass water a big colloquy because involves the enter of employees from exonerate to sound and vice versa. find how the organizations law of morals requires an respectable motive analysis for any work cats-paw. Companies have damped a calculate of honourable motive or select as a tool to resist the reproach of power, fraud, dispute f interest, money, and other. by and large all ethical codeal dilemmas get off the ground with nonadaptive bonus, sad supervision, and unconventional individual(prenominal) habits. To hold the reliableness of the cultivation and retard shoes of cheapjack or bad instruction from accountants the Sarbanes-Oxley set was created. This 2002 make believe requires regulations in the monetary practice and a cipher of ethical motive for seniors monetary ships officers, applicable to its steer financial officer and restrainer or principal score officer, or persons performing similar functions (Horngren, 2008, Chapter1).Now mana gers has to pass and been pertain of the budget. Also requires foreign auditors to take the company. These regulations in the chronicle brass bet for the dependableness of the information provided. tho it demand high ethical standards from the personnel. The give of direction Accountants develop a mark of consider require to CPAs and CMAs that structured one, confidentiality, credibility and competence. ethics should be the priority in a company. To encourage others and clog unethical behavior, in demand pressures should be allow and detained.Sometimes impaired incentive arises when managers or accountings are assessed on the mathematical process concerning to budget amounts. The ethical standards of an organization are needful to guide, measure, and examine the performance of the personnel. almost chief(prenominal) a code of ethic is essential to adjudge the integrity and pledge of the company. References Horngren, C. T. (2008). interpolation to commis sion accounting system (14th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of capital of Arizona eBook assemblage database..