Writing: Life Expectancy and Ancient Egyptians Life

King Tutu became king at age 9 and led his empire from 1333 to 1322 BC. Considering this, the young king had little time to train or plan for his leadership. Instead, he moved directly from childhood to adult responsibilities. Like other Ancient Egyptians, King Tutu married at a young age. Whereas the modern day search for a marriage partner may take decades. The ancient Egyptians had no such leisure to make prolonged marriage decisions. King Tutu and his wife had two children who died as babies. While such deaths would lead o shock and immeasurable grief today, they were common then.So, parents could not count on watching their children grow up. Unlike modern humans, few Egyptians would have ever dreamed of holding their grandchildren in their arms, though some city-dwellers may have achieved this goal, as they had a lower mortality rate compared to village residents. Other causes of a shorter life expectancy included tuberculosis, polio, and malnutrition. Diseases occasionally brok e out, causing utter devastation. Many of these diseases were fatal, and unlike today, few could be cured r even treated.Still, today's scholars dispute King Tutu died at an age that was considered young even then: 19. King Tutu possibly died from an infection that, even If It had been vigorously treated, would have required antibiotics not yet In existence. Ultimately, his doctors' techniques were limited because they lived before modern medicine. Since the time of the ancient Egyptians, humankind has made great strides prolonging life expectancy. In fact, by ancient Egyptian standards, modern longevity is truly awesome. The Egyptians would be shocked to know that, these days, mom people even discuss immortality as a future possibility.He continued his search for years, ultimately coming very close to Warm Mineral spring. Still popular today, the spring thousands of years. It is possible that Leon never whether the spring was the fountain he was seeking, because he (use) for (learn ) (lose) his life in battle there. People from many cultures and of years. Most recently, the well-known American magician, David Copperfield, claimed that he had discovered the true fountain amid islands in the Bahamas. Copperfield (report) that when dying bugs are out in contact with the water, they will fly again.Copperfield purchased the island group, and since then, scientists (conduct) experiments of the waters to determine their restorative powers. The island group visitors for the past several years. (close) to 5. Write a description of your current life, imagining that your life expectancy is only 30. * Write an interesting introduction. * Describe your imaginary life using sensory details of smell, sight, sound, taste, and touch. * Include figures of speech in your description * Include a clear conclusion. * Use the vocabulary and grammar from Unit 1

Arendt-Theory of Totalitarianism Essay

Hannah Arendt is widely regarded as one of the most important, unique and influential thinkers of political philosophy in the Twentieth century. Arendt was greatly influenced by her mentor and one time lover, Martin Heidegger, whose phenomenological method would help to greatly shape and frame Arendt’s own thinking. Like Heidegger, Arendt was sceptical of the metaphysical tradition which tended towards abstract conceptual reasoning; ultimately at odds with the reality of human lived experience. Consequently, Arendt was highly dubious of being referred to as a philosopher, as she felt philosophy was, by its own essence, confined to the proverbial ivory tower. She believed political life was at the apex of human experience and so she identified as a political thinker/actor. Her emphasis on the phenomenological nature of the lived political experience permeates her life’s works and perhaps can be said to constitute her own distinct brand of political philosophy. Arendt’s early publication, Ideology & Terror: A Novel Form of Government, is a profound elucidation of the nature of the theretofore unprecedented (she argues) phenomenon of Totalitarianism and its â€Å"origins†¦ elements†¦ and functioning†¦ † A Novel Form of Government: Arendt posited that the totalitarian forms of â€Å"government and domination† (Arendt. 03) which characterised the Nationalist Socialist party in Germany and Stalin’s oppressive regime in Soviet Russia, which saw systematic genocide and terror visited upon literally millions of innocent people, were unprecedented in the history of political systems, and were not mere modern manifestations of ancient forms of violent government such as despotism or tyranny. She went further even, to suggest that totalitarian systems had destroyed the very foundations upon which traditional ideas and presuppositions of government rested. Although totalitarianism seemed to contain elements of tyrannical or despotic forms of government i. e. terror, violence, absolute power etc Arendt contended that totalitarian regimes differed in important ways which rendered them qualitatively distinct. Tyranny and dictatorships, she argues are marked by â€Å"Arbitrary power, unrestricted by law, yielded in the interest of the ruler and hostile to the interests of the governed, on one hand, fear as the principle of action, namely fear of the people by the ruler and fear of the ruler by the eople†¦ †(Arendt. 306) Terror, according to Arendt, has traditionally been used as a means to an end, or tool for tyrannical regimes, namely the end of maintaining and sustaining a position of power over its subjects. Totalitarian systems however, do not function in this way, ideologically at least, According to Arendt. â€Å"total terror leaves no arbitrary lawlessness behind it and does not rage for the sake of some arbitrary will or for the sake of despotic power of one man against all. † (Arendt. 311) Context and Content: In order to understand the nature (if there is one) of Totalitarianism forms of government, it is important first to understand both their historical contexts and the Ideologies which underpin them, as Totalitarian regimes, are by their nature ideological, as Arendt shows. Take for example National Socialism, the political ideology which took root in Germany during the 1930’s, characterised by militant nationalism and overtly inherent racism. The context in which the Nazi party rose to prominence was the extreme devastation, debt and resulting poverty and hunger left in Germany in the wake of the First World War. It can indeed be argued that Adolph Hitler’s demagoguery and flair for rousing public sympathy with his intense speeches, was also crucial to the widespread proliferation, acceptance and support for Nazi ideology, at a time when people yearned for a clear solution to their plight and poverty. Hitler’s bellicose rhetoric displayed a typical trait of ideologies; a final solution, the idea that the answer to all of life’s problems can be understood and solved by following a particular stringent course of action determined by a single unambiguous worldview. Ideologies-isms, which to the satisfaction of their adherents can explain everything and every occurrence by deducing it from a single premise† (Arendt. 315) Nazi Ideology had at its core, a politically and indeed racially motivated perversion of the Darwinian concept of a natural hierarchy of species, in which the stronger/more successful species would inevitably replace the weaker ones. Darwin’s profound insight into the ways in which organisms evolve was warped and misrepresented by the Nazis, who filtered it through their racist and nationalist worldview, justifying the extermination of Jews and other supposed degenerate races by claiming they were following and indeed implementing a Law of Nature. In Darwin, Arendt explains, the Nazi party had found what they saw as an unbending Natural Law, the very source from which positive (manmade) laws had been traditionally derived. far from being â€Å"lawless,† it goes to the sources of authority from which positive laws received their ultimate legitimation† (Arendt. 307) Arendt argues that this Law of Nature was taken to be a suprahuman edict which was used justify their campaign of terror and genocide, and furthermore usurp any positive laws which were counter-productive to their cause. Nature itself mandated the extermination of lesser â€Å"degenerate† races according to Nazi ideology. And so the carrying out and indeed hastening of the process of this â€Å"Natural† decree was the end which the Totalitarian regimes sough to effect. In fact, Totalitarian ideology sought for the actual societal embodiment of these supposed Laws of history and nature, and asserted that by the strict implantation and of these laws, a utopia on Earth would be realised. â€Å"the Law of Nature or the law of History, if properly executed, is expected to produce mankind as its end product† (Arendt. 307) Arendt is highly critical of this thinking which she describes as particular to Totalitarian government. One of the most obvious critiques which she makes is the complete disregard in this line of thinking for basic anthropological concerns i. e. ow humans actually tend to behave and function. â€Å"It applies the law directly to mankind without bothering with the behaviour of men†¦ Totalitarian policy claims to transform the human species into an active unfailing carrier of a law to which human beings otherwise would only passively and reluctantly be subjected† (Arendt. 307) Terror as the essence of Totalitarian rule: Built into the notion of executing the Laws of nature and history is an inherent eschewing of the legitimacy, importance and even relevance of manmade or positive laws, which are intended to govern and ease the functioning of societies in which people participate. The denial of positive laws and their replacement with the bringing into effect, a Law of Nature or indeed a Law of History as per Totalitarian ideology, is, Arendt argues largely what separates Totalitarian regimes from despotism and tyranny. Because they drew their justification from the very source of all positive laws i. e. Natural law, Totalitarian regimes were able to substantiate this denial of the legitimacy of positive laws by claiming that in aiming to produce the perfect rule of Natural Law on earth, that mankind itself would become the very â€Å"embodiment of the law† (Arendt. 08) By claiming to actualise and bring into effect fundamental laws which determine the inevitable course of history by establishing the perfect rule of Natural law on earth through use of terror, Totalitarian regimes subvert at the same time traditional notions of government and also notions of the utility of terror. Terror was no longer merely an arbitrary tool of oppression, (although it was of course the methodology with which the terrible ideology of Totalitarianism was realised) Terror was itself the embodied form which submission to the supposed Law of Nature took, or as Arendt puts it â€Å"Terror as the execution of a law of movement†¦ Arendt. 311)† Terror was in fact now the end goal itself; as such Terror is indeed Totalitarianism’s essence. Arendt uses a good analogy to illustrate this point. â€Å"the absence of crimes in any society does not render laws superfluous but, on the contrary, signifies their most perfect rule-so terror in totalitarian government has ceased to be a mere means for the suppression of opposition, though it is also used for such purposes. Terror becomes total when it becomes independent of all opposition; it rules supreme when nobody any longer stands in its way. If lawfulness is the essence of non-tyrannical government and lawlessness is the essence of tyranny, then terror is the essence totalitarian domination† Dangerous Ideology: What made Nazism and Stalinism so dangerous, according to Arendt, were not merely the ideas which characterised their respective ideologies i. e. racism and dialectical materialism, but the logic which one could arguably follow from these types of thinking. If Ideologies are the logic of ideas, (which they are! ) then it is the seemingly logical implications of these ideas, which made them dangerous. To put it simply, if one concludes that there are suprahuman forces which determine the very course of history, as espoused by Nazism and Stalinism, then one must be bound to follow the logical steps which lead from this idea. â€Å"Whoever agreed that there are such things as â€Å"dying classes† and did not draw the consequence of killing their members, or that the right to live had something to do with race and did not draw the consequence of killing â€Å"unfit races,† was plainly either stupid or a coward†. (Arendt. 318) The dangers of commitment to the logic of ideas bviously are determined by the extremity of the ideas themselves, however as Arendt rightly points out, it is this ice cold reasoning which both Hitler and Stalin were very fond of which gave their ideologies a trajectory of power and an pseudo-scientific guise which legitimated them. Rather than a principle of action aimed at some common good or societal benefit such as the prevention of crime, this â€Å"logicality of ideological thinking† (Arendt. 321) is what makes Totalitarian government tick. Isolation, The Phenomenology of Terror: As we have seen, terror is the essence of Totalitarianism. But it is important to realise exactly what this means for the experiencing subject of Totalitarian rule. Terror, Arendt explains, destroys the ability to engage in any public life. Isolation is the most salient feature of terror. Terror wrought isolation has been used throughout the centuries by tyrannical rulers to inhibit political agency and thus destroy the possibility of revoltâ€Å"†¦ terror can rule absolutely only over men who are isolated against each other and that, therefore, one of the primary concerns of all tyrannical government is to bring isolation about†¦ Isolation and impotence, that is the fundamental inability to act at all, have always been characteristic of tyrannies. † (Arendt. 321-322) The final way in which Totalitarian governments differ from those regimes of tyranny, which have also employed terror as a tactic, is for Arendt, the destruction by terror of the private sphere of human life. Total terror, as it were, is not content with merely destroying the public life of people and their ability to interact. Total terror permeates the mind and destroys the faculties of creativity and mental autonomy. Totalitarianism seeks to destroy the entire ability for people to create something new and bring it into the world. While it obviously needs to destroy the ability of political life, it also enforces utter personal isolation (loneliness) on the mind of the individual, so that he or she has no outlet vent and indeed no ability to form ideas of their own. â€Å"In isolation, man remains in contact with the world as the human artifice; only when the most elementary forms of human creativity, which is the capacity to add something of one’s own to the common world, are destroyed, isolation becomes altogether unbearable†¦ Totalitarian government, like all tyrannies, certainly could not exist without destroying the public realm of life, that is, without destroying, by isolating men, their political capacities but totalitarian domination as a form of government is new in that it is not content with this isolation and destroys private life as well. It bases itself on loneliness, on the experience of not belonging to the world at all, which is among the most radical and desperate experiences of man. † (Arendt. 24) The phenomenological and anthropological implications of this total terror are for Arendt the complete breakdown of the human actor. She argues that humans are essentially social beings who need social interaction to function and live as we are hardwired to do so; our complete sense of who we are and what our world means ultimately derives from our experience of interacting with others. â€Å"For the confirmation of my identity I depend entirely upon other people† (Arendt. 324) In conclusion I think it may be prudent to summarise the central elucidations which Arendt makes in Ideology and Terror. . Totalitarian governments were unprecedented governmental forms before the early 20th century. 2. Totalitarian governments are ideological in nature and functioning, and derive their justifications from suprahuman â€Å"Laws of Nature and History† and implement the logic of these ideas through use of terror. 3. Terror is the primary tool and also the essence of Totalitarian governments, i. e. Total terror becomes the actual embodied form of the Laws of History and nature made manifest 4.  Totalitarian governments destroy the ability to act politically as all tyrannies do, but also they destroy the realm of private life as well, rendering human existence a miserable one in attempting to make each person the actual embodiment of Natural and Historical Laws Arendt’s masterful work has shed light on one of the darkest periods in human history and it al so lends insight into the nature of government, society and the human subject more broadly speaking. She remains a seminal figure in the discipline of political philosophy and continues to inspire thought and debate to this day.

Case Study Analysis †Acme Mineral Extraction Company

The case of Acme Mineral Extraction Company helps in identifying the management approach and the leadership styles that lead to the success of the project based work teams in a particular situation. The case demonstrates that a particular management style does not suit all situations. Successful leadership styles are often situation driven. The difference in response of the workers at the two sites that the company implemented the same project shows that success of leadership styles not only depends on the right methods and processes being used by leaders but also upon the personal charisma of the leaders. The respect that leaders command from the subordinates makes it easier to implement new programs and bring about change. Trust plays a great role in implementing new ideas of the leaders. The concepts like the ‘problem chat’ and the SPITS brought the members from all the three functional groups together to accomplish the task of solving common problems. The cross-functional teams introduced in Wichita, by the way of problem chat and STIPS proved as an effective means for allowing people across the departmental boundaries to exchange information, develop new ideas and solve problems. The guidance of Peterson and the cross-functional activities helped in achieving better coordination and cooperation among the team members. The work team at Wichita evolved through the various stages of team development starting from the forming, storming, norming and performing. The formation of ‘problem chat’ was the first step of forming a work team. The storming stage was full of conflicts, frustrations and anger followed by norming stage, when the people gradually started trusting each other. The performing stage of the team evolved with the introduction of SPITS groups, where the team members had the authority to address problems. Donald Peterson played a significant role of an effective leader for the work team based productivity project at Wichita. The success of the cross-functional teams at the Wichita Pilot project, under the leadership of Donald Peterson, demonstrates the role effective leadership. The Fiedler contingency model proposes that effective group performance depends upon proper match between leader’s styles and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader (Robbins, 2000). While Suzanne Howard was a transactional manager, trying to motivate the company employees towards established goals by clarifying the role and task requirements, Peterson played a transformational leader with proven charisma. Workers and engineers from the different functional groups in Acme, Wichita, trusted Peterson because of his competence, loyalty to the firm, and openness. This trust in Peterson, increasingly gave him the access to the team members decisions, thus helping him to be able to form an effective team. The similar approach of introducing the â€Å"problem chat† and the SPITS (select a problem and implement a tailored solution) groups implemented at two different sites of Acme, resulted in distinct responses. Trust appears to be the primary attribute associated with leadership (Robbins, 2000). Employees at Wichita were willing to share their problems and knowledge with the rest of the team because they had an identification-based trust in Peterson and were confident that there rights and interests were safe under his leadership. Conflict resolution was the primary objective of Peterson and he adopted the Collaborating Style of conflict management. High on assertiveness as well as on cooperativeness, Peterson valued the concerns of the labor as well as those of the professionals, thus gaining commitment of both the parties. The expertise and first-hand experience of the problems at the different positions in the company added to the successful leadership role of Donald Peterson. Having served at all range of positions, he understood the psychology of workers at each level and so was able to develop a network of cooperative relationships among them. Howard comment on the absence of Peterson in Lubbock being the cause of failure is a self-evident fact. For Suzanne Howard and her team to attain the desired success at Lubbock, they must initially understand that behavioral approach of the management must keep up the contingency approach in order to be successful at different situations. It is important to understand that the situation and the problems at Lubbock might be very different and so the response or the approach must be appropriate .In the absence of an acquainted leader, the formation of work-team necessitates building trust and involvement among the people. Making the attendance mandatory demonstrates an assertive style and a task-oriented leadership, which is not a source of motivation for the members. Employing intervention strategies such as development of individuals, working on the a sense of common purpose and commitment among the employees and tackling the barriers between the various organizational units can be tried as efforts towards bringing people together and gaining their trust. Howard’s team must give ample time to the people to evolve as a team. Working for the commitment and enthusiasm of the staff must be the first target to develop effective teams. Once an effective team has been built, Howard’s team must work towards conflict resolution, team building exercises and other efforts to improve the performance of the team. References Robbins, S.P., (2000). Organizational Behavior, (9th Ed.). India: Prentice Hall of India.

Pharmacotherapeutics for prescribing Assignment

Pharmacotherapeutics for prescribing - Assignment Example Vomiting is the forcible involuntary or voluntary stomach contents emptying ("throwing up") through the mouth (Schnell F, 2003) .However vomiting, nausea and constipation might be as a result of gastric cancer related complications that the patient had. To really understand how this condition of the patient can be managed or treated, the Pharmacotherapeutics of these two suggested drugs has been discussed in detail. Metoclopramide 10mg is used in the treatment of vomiting, Digestive disorders, Nausea and Migraine. Metoclopramide increases the muscles contractions or movements in the intestines and stomach (Schnell F. 2003). These results to a decrease in the duration the stomach contents take to move through the digestive tract. On the other hand, Co-danthramer suspension and capsules have 2 active ingredients, Poloxamer 188 and Dantron. Both of these drugs are referred to as laxatives. Hence in combination it is called co-danthramer. Dantron is laxative type referred to as stimulant laxative. It acts by nerve endings stimulation in the intestines walls. This results to intestinal wall muscles to contract frequently with increased force. The gut’s contents are moved along the intestines as a result of these muscles contraction, hence relieving constipation. Poloxamer 188 is referred to as faecal softener. It aids in drawing water into the faecal material, hence the water content and stools volume is increased. This makes it easier and softer to pass. Therefore these drugs best suit the treatment of this patient condition and its Pharmacotherapeutics have been explored in the next section. Pharmacotherapeutics of Metoclopramide and Co-danthramer Pharmacokinetics of Metoclopramide Metoclopramide is well and rapidly absorbed. Relative to 10 mg intravenous dose, the absolute oral Metoclopramide bioavailability is 80% Â ± 15.5% (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, 2010) .This was indicated in a crossover study which had 18 subjects. Concentrations of Peak plasma are experienced at approximately 1 - 2 hours following a single oral dose. It is also observed that same time to peak can be experienced at steady state following individual doses (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, 2010). According to a single dose study carried out on 12 subjects, it was observed that the area under the drug concentration-time curve linearly increased with doses to 100 mg from 20(Jordan et al, 2004). This means that the Concentrations of Peak linearly increase with dose, but time concentrations of peak don’t change; whole body clearance doesn’t change; and the rate of elimination doesn’t change (remains the same) (Jordan et al, 2004). In normal renal function individuals, the half-life of average elimination is 5 - 6 hours. Processes of Linear kinetic describe the Metoclopramide elimination and absorption (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, 2010). In a certain study carried out, it was observed that about 85% of the radioactivity of Metoclopramide dos e which was administered orally appeared in the urine within 72 hours. Out of this eliminated 85% in the urine, approximately half of it was present as conjugated or free Metoclopramide (Jordan et al, 2004). It is known that the drug is never bound extensively to plasma proteins (approximately 30%). The whole body distribution volume is relatively high, approximately 3.5 L/kg, implying that there is always extensive drug distribution to the tissues (Naeimet al, 2008).

Denver founder network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Denver founder network - Essay Example The meeting proceeded on 26th of February and the events conducted at Galvanize office, which is a local incubator for entrepreneurship situated at 1062 Delaware St., Denver, 80204(10th & Speer Blvd.). The events started at 6:00 pm and went up to at least 8:00 pm, hosted by Chris Franks and Josh Churlik. The first part of the meet- up included an informal networking session that consists of the opportunity to interact with the members of Denvers’entrepreneurial community. The attendance was about one hundred people, most of them entrepreneurs and people with business ideas to present in the market( Wasserman 23-160) Tom Bulk was the guest speaker and a partial investor of Zynga game Aug 2007. He is a benefactor of social games services that invented on July 2007 whose headquarters are in Francisco. Tom Bulk did an apps, games for the smart phones which included Iphones and he started with online casino. The eight people in Zynga lacked a disk, however, they farm Ville game that became booster in the business world became profitable after three months of lunch. They had a market target age between 25 to 45 years old, most of the being housewives. Farm Ville generates one million daily from the sell of cherry to gamers (Wasserman 47-190). The name Farmville originated accidentally from the candy crash game. Attendance of the meeting, commonly known as meet-ups, are of great experience due to the casual atmosphere, attendees tend to be supportive, engaging, friendly and fun to talk with. Galvanize provides a good and an enabling environment for people to explore and develop their business ideas (Wasserman 67-210). An incubator creates a friendly and helps those presenting their business ideas generate and acquire more knowledge on the subject in place. Incubation grows the busine ss idea into a real and profitable business, thus the incubates gets a chance to expand their innovative

Economy-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economy-Business - Essay Example Secondly this paper will discuss the possibility of the Mexican Peso being strong as a result of anticipated better performance of the Mexican economy relative to the American economy in the future. There is little question that under present economic circumstances the dollar an peso exchange rate is in a constant state of flux owing to the fact that these two currencies are allowed to float freely against one another and may experience changes resulting from market conditions. However it should be noted that at one point in these nations’ histories the Peso was pegged to the Dollar. Under this fixed exchange rate regime there was effectively no risk associated with any appreciation or depreciation as the M$ was set at a fixed rate to the US$. However it was the case that there was significant inflation in Mexico in the early 90’s so a crawling peg system emerged which meant that the peso needed to be devaluated and as such the M$-US$ exchange rate would occasionally be altered by the central bank. However since Mexico’s introduction into NAFTA the currency has been free to float at its market value exchange rate with the United States. At Natural Detergent it has been argued by some senior executives that the relative value of the Peso would decline against the Dollar because the United States has a long history of outperforming the Mexican economy. Implicit in this statement is that the American economy has always outperformed the Mexican Economy and secondly a better performing economy has a stronger currency. According to the World Bank World Development Indicators (2009) the real annual growth rates for Mexico and the United States from 1997-2009 are available in the appendix #1 however the Mexican economy actually outpaced the growth of the American economy eight out of the last thirteen years. However according to MSN Money (2010) during the

Internal Legal Memorandum Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Legal Memorandum - Term Paper Example When Jones walked over to the Colt house to complain, they set the dog on her and she narrowly missed being bitten, falling down in her panic and because of her recent hip surgery. She returned home in a complete panic and developed a nervous tic and paranoid about leaving her home The major issues raised in this case would be (a) nuisance (b) harassment (c) assault and (d) intentional infliction of emotional distress as well as (e) criminal destruction of property. The first issue arises because of the noisy parties at nights, with bright lights in the backyard and during the day, the children trying to send their balls into Jones’ birdbath. The harassment arises because of the way the Colts responded to her request to stop the nuisance activities with the threat to unleash their dog on her. The assault issue arises because the dog Sirius did indeed attack her and would have quite likely caused actual physical harm if it had not been distracted by another dog. As it is, the dog caused injuries because Jones fell down and hurt her hip that had recent surgery. The intentional infliction of emotional distress arises because of the way the Colts responded to her grievances, with animosity and an attitude of conflict rather than amity and cooperation. The l ast issue of criminal destruction of property arises because of the fence the Colts built that impeded the access to sunlight of the plants in Jones’ garden. The rule on nuisance would assess how much disturbance was caused to the Plaintiff and whether this could be deemed intrusive of her right to peace and privacy. The rule on harassment requires the plaintiff to demonstrate externally that there were hurt or injured feelings arising out of the harassment. In a case of assault, the balance would be between the forseeability of harm against the burden of preventive measures.

Organizational stakeholders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational stakeholders - Essay Example The external are those outside the organization but still has interest in the organization such as the regulatory agencies and the general public. It is important to understand the role of stakeholders so that the company can act responsibly to its various stakeholders. This understanding of the interest of the various stakeholders in the company can serve as a guide for the company as it craft its strategy and executes its operations making sure that these strategies and corporate acts are consistent with the interest of the various stakeholders of the company. The internal stakeholders have a direct interest in the success of the company but it must be balanced with the interest of the external stakeholders. Minding the interest of internal stakeholders alone may make the company short sighted in its pursuit of satisfying the interest of profit of its internal stakeholders. It should be balanced with the interest of the external shareholders to ensure the long term going concern of the company as it balances its interest for profit with social responsibility. "Understanding Organizational Stakeholders for Design Success."Â  Boxes and Arrows Understanding Organizational Stakeholders for Design Success Comments. 6 May 2004. Web. 8 Mar. 2015.

Hispanic American Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Hispanic American Diversity - Research Paper Example Mexican Americans have been living for a very long time in the United States and have adapted accordingly to the demands of the culture and society. In 2006 it was found that 14 percent of the documented immigrants in the United States belonged to Mexico. These Americans are diverse when it comes to their language. Twenty-six percent of the Mexican Americans can talk in both Spanish and English, 23 percent of them talk English whereas 51 percent speak Spanish. The political stance of Mexican American remains the same as the other Hispanic groups as they have been long ignored in the political arena because of their language differences. However, their voting rights were established long back and they are able to vote easily. It has also been realized that they form a great portion of the voters and they have been specifically targeted by many leaders. Although their political strength is increasing with every passing day it can be still seen that injustice prevails against these immi grants in terms of education, testing and immigration reforms. The Mexican Americans follow the principles of Catholicism accordingly. The economic condition of these Americans has not become any better as there still remains a huge gap between the born Americans and the immigrants. The rate of poverty, unemployment is higher in this group if compared with the Whites (Schaefer 2010; Keedle 2010). Puerto Ricans form another major group of Hispanics in the United States. These Americans tend to be more oriented towards the English Language as they have been a part of the US history. These people have known to be undergoing a phenomenon known as neocolonialism as they are not able to accept the American identity as a whole. The economic stance of the Puerto Ricans is not as good as the whites and they are known to suffer from a higher rate of unemployment too.     

Critical thinking Essay Example for Free

Critical thinking Essay In academic writing, an argument is usually a main idea, often called a â€Å"claim† or â€Å"thesis statement,† backed up with evidence that supports the idea. In most college papers, one needs to make some sort of claim and use evidence to support it. One’s ability to do this will separate a good paper from other papers. We use argument in everyday life to convince somebody of my ideas or opinion, convince our teachers we deserve a better grade. A better argument is accomplished if no emotion is involved. One component of argument is logic. Claims are statements about what is true or good or about what should be done or believed. Claims are potentially arguable. For example, recent tax cuts should be abandoned another is the civil war is caused by slavery. In making an argument one must use reason to support the claim. Reason is a statement that supports a given claim or in other words â€Å"why do you say that claim?† support is the evidence that we use; one example of evidence is statistics. When making an argument we must remember to use warrants which is influences or assumptions that connect the support to the claim. A very important part when making an argument is to come across to the audience as a credible speaker or arguer that has sufficient evidence, that the evidence is based on research or scholarly articles. It is important to also remember that every argument has a counterargument. Which the argument more interesting and also strong its not one that everyone agrees with.

Benefits of Tumeric Research Study

Benefits of Tumeric Research Study Results of the study revealed that Turmeric was indeed effective.The t-test results show that t Stat is larger, (6.219209872) than t Critical, (2.262157) this is a significant difference and demonstrates we are 95% sure of pain reduction in using Turmeric. (statistical-significance, 2014) Outlining the response to treatment with turmeric, the first seminal paper was published in 1949 in Nature and it discussed the effects of turmeric on the human body and different diseases, turmeric contains curcumin.It has displayed good therapeutic potential against a number of human diseases. The common points coming out of the study revealed good safety, tolerability, and non-toxicity, with doses up to 8 g per day. Poor bioavailability and limited adverse effects reported by some investigators are a major limitation to the therapeutic utility of curcumin. (Subash, Gupta, Sridevi Patchva, Bharat, 2012)Using black pepper containing piperine added to curcumin increases its bioavailability by 2000%, using the same amount of curcumin.   (turmeric-bioavailability, 2016) Comparing the results to other research, there were six clinical trials consisting of a total of 377 patients, comparing the use of curcumin to placebo in patients with depression.From the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, there was a score of 95% confidence interval and significant anti-anxiety effects were reported in 3 of the trials, there were no adverse events reported.There was limited evidence on long-term efficacy and safety of curcumin as the duration of all available studies ranged from 4 to 8 weeks. Curcumin appears to be well-tolerated and safe, it provided the expected results among depressed patients. Planned larger duration controlled trials and larger sample sizes are required with follow-up studies. (Ng , Koh, Chan, Ho, 2017) Curcumin is the main active ingredient of turmeric, it has a yellow colour, the uses are for cooking along with being a remedy for treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases, it displays strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities Inflammation, be it acute or chronic, plays a major factor in some of the following diseases, obesity progression, type II diabetes, arthritis, pancreatitis, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases and   certain types of cancer. Turmeric has a long history of use in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. (Shehzad, Rehman, Lee, 2012) Dietary supplements for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) require ingredients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. From a search of 16 clinical studies three supported the use of cats claw used alone or in a combination for osteoarthritis (OA). Two others for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with omega-3 fatty acids and supported. (Rosenbaum, OMathà ºna, Chavez, Shields, 2010) Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin for rheumatoid arthritis, turmeric rhizome has been used medicinally in China and India for thousands of years, the active ingredient is curcumin, which is available worldwide. Preclinical studies point to mechanisms of action that are predominantly anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic, (acting to prevent, inhibit or stop the development of a tumour). Early human clinical trials demonstrated beneficial effects for dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, uveitis, orbital pseudotumor, (swelling of tissue behind the eye in an area called the orbit) and pancreatic cancer. Curcumin is well-tolerated; the most common side effects are nausea and diarrhoea. (Asher Spelman , 2013)Recent studies confirm curcumins low bioavailability, this has been known for some time, by pairing with black pepper which contains piperine, bioavailability is increased by 2000%. (turmeric-bioavailability, 2016) The significance of turmeric as a treatment approach. In a study titled, A randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin patients with rheumatoid arthritis, forty-five patients were selected at random into three groups, group 1 patients receiving curcumin (500 mg), group 2 taking diclofenac sodium (50à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °mg) and group 3 taking the combination. The primary study endpoints were a reduction in Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28, the secondary endpoints included American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for reduction in tenderness and swelling of joint scores. The researchers found all three treatment groups showed statistically significant changes in their DAS scores, the curcumin only group showed the highest percentage of improvement in overall DAS and ACR scores. More importantly, curcumin treatment was found to be safe and did not relate with any adverse events. (Sayer, 2013) Two possible research issues, one being to run trials with piperine added to the turmeric and measure results with piperine vs without piperine. The second issue would be to see is what effect the added piperine has on adverse effects. References Asher, G. N., Spelman , K. (2013, March). pubmed/23594449. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594449 Ng , Q. X., Koh, S. S., Chan, H. W., Ho, C. Y. (2017, February 21). pubmed/28236605. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28236605 Rosenbaum, C. C., OMathà ºna, D. P., Chavez, M., Shields, K. (2010, April 2016). 20232616. Retrieved from pubmed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232616 Sayer, J. (2013, December 26). turmeric-extract-found-superior-blockbuster-drug-rheumatoid-arthritis. Retrieved from https://www.greenmedinfo.com Shehzad, A., Rehman, G., Lee, Y. S. (2012, December 22). pubmed/23281076. Retrieved from pubmed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281076 statistical-significance. (2014, April 1). Retrieved from iwh.on.ca: https://www.iwh.on.ca/wrmb/statistical-significance Subash, C., Gupta, Sridevi Patchva, Bharat, B. (2012, November 12). articles/PMC3535097. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3535097/ turmeric-bioavailability. (2016, January 1). Retrieved from dailyhealthpost.com: https://dailyhealthpost.com/improve-turmeric-bioavailability/ turmericforhealth.com. (2013, September 14). Retrieved from health-benefits-of-black-pepper-and-turmeric: http://www.turmericforhealth.com/turmeric-benefits/health-benefits-of-black-pepper-and-turmeric

The Korean War Essay -- essays research papers

The Korean War For hundreds of years Korea was dominated by the Chinese empire. After Japan was defeated by the allies in WW II., Korea became occupied by the Russians in the North and the Americans in the South. Both the U.S. and the Soviets realized that Korea was a strategic country. It was important to occupy because it lay between China, Japan, and the Soviet Union. North and South Korea were divided by the 38th parallel, it split the country into two regions. Russia and America became politically involved in Korea, each set up strong governments. The United States wanted Korea to be held under democratic rule, while the Soviets wanted communist rule. They took these conflicting views to the United Nations (UN), which had just been set up to prevent another world war and help with international elections. The UN decided that both sides of Korea should have their own elections. The elections were held on January 12, 1948. North Korea favoured communism, the people elected the Russians and Kim I l Sung, a former guerrilla leader. South Korea favoured democracy and formed the Republic of Korea under U.S. educated, Dr. Sygman Rhee. The Soviets left a communist dictatorship with a well-trained, well armed, North Korean-Soviet army. In fear of the North Koreans newly developed strength, the U.S. left South Korea with some small arms and military advisors. The Korean War dates from June 1950 to July 1953. The war started on June 25 1950, when a Northern Korean(-Soviet) arm...

The Day After :: essays research papers

The Day After The Day After, was viewed in the living room of my house on two occasions. The purpose of viewing this movie is to write a movie critique from my AP U.S. History 3rd block class. The objective of this overall story is to portray the event and effects that would occur if there were to be a nuclear war. The director of The Day After, is Nicholas Myer and the producer is Robert A. Papazian. The three main characters in this film include Dr. Russell Oakes played by Jason Robards, Stephen Klien played by Steve Guttenburg, and Jim Dahlberg played by John Cullum. The political background of this movie includes escalating events of the Cold War, which led to a nuclear holocaust. The Soviet Union was in a competition with the United States over economic and political systems. As tensions between rose among the United States and the Soviet Union, President Eisenhower used Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as spies to get information from the Soviet Union. The plot of The Day After, is that a nuclear bomb warning is given to a town near Kansas City, Eisenhower Doctrine. The residents of the town become very frantic and buy supplies to last them through this tough time. The military personnel believe that the country is just taking a precaution and that nothing with really happen. But one afternoon the residents were given a 30-minute warning before they would see soviet warheads flying above them. The soviets dropped weapons of mass destruction (WMD’s) on the United States and instantly many people died. Within a couple of day people all over the city and nation suffered from severe injury, breathing complications, and skin conditions due to the mass amounts of radiation in the air. Throughout the movie, the radio and television updated the citizens about what was going on overseas at the time. This includes historical events such as the Warsaw Pact of 1955-a military alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite nations. The radio also mentioned the isolation of West Berlin from East Germany, which took place in 1948. The NATO pact alliance was a defensive military alliance of the United States, Canada, and ten European nations. The historical events were interpreted from a general perspective. There was a change in attitude in The Day After, because the military personnel at first were not convinced of the seriousness of the Soviets and their ability to launch nuclear missiles among the United States.

The Odyssey - Comparing The Ro :: essays research papers

Odyssey vs. Rustling Rhapsody Comparison of the Role of Women 'A woman is very unpredictable. She is romantic, sensitive and caring; however, underneath she is convoluted, deceptive and dangerous.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Erin Perrizn (1963 -) One would automatically assume that the female character in a heroic story takes the preconceived role of an object at the disposal of the male protagonist. The female character in a heroic story holds the stereotype that she is obtuse, and will repeatedly flock to the most handsome man. 'Rustler's Rhapsody'; is a sardonic parody of the western film stereotypes: the women play very small roles other than Rex O'Herolan's personal cheerleaders. However, in the epic poem, The Odyssey, Homer gave souls and personalities to his female characters. Women are not in the story just to please Odysseus; they are important and independent characters that help him on his heroic journey. The women in The Odyssey are essential in Homer's poem: they not only act as a voice of reason and care, but are the deceptive and deceiving characters that add an intangible mystery. In 'Rustler's Rhapsody';, Miss Tracy and the C.B.'s daughter are the only female characters. They both portray the stereotype of incipit debutantes who are instantly attracted to the handsome hero. The C.B.'s daughter is an inept character who gets dragged across the desert by her horse 'Wildfire';, only to be saved by Rex O' Herolan. In that particular scene, she attempts to seduce Rex by flirting and engaging in small talk about a blanket. Miss Tracy, the town prostitute, is even more direct than the C.B.'s daughter. She comes in her underwear trying to persuade Rex to sleep with her. Although this may seem like some characters in The Odyssey, Miss Tracy has no other role in the plot other than to sleep with Rex. The two women did not shed a tear when Rex said good-bye: they had almost no feeling at all. The two weren't jealous of one another; it seems strange that two girls could share one hero. Miss Tracy and the C.B.'s daughter both have identical shallow character. Personality is a characteristic missing from to their female stereotype; they are merely used as the Rex's trophies after defeating Bob. Other than that, the two women had no role in the story. On the other hand, Homer uses the female character to provide reason and care for the protagonist, Odysseus. Despite the number of unimportant female characters, Penelope, Circe, Calypso, and Pallas Athene all have unique personalities that are essential to the development of Odyesseus and Telemachus.

Reconstructionalism †Curriculum Essay

Reconstuctionism in not a fully developed philosophy of life or of education. Many writers view it as only an extension of progressivism, the educational philosophy. Like progressivism, it is based on the â€Å"pure† philosophy of pragmatism. Therefore, its answers to basic questions are the same. In answer to the ontological question of what is real, reconstructionists agree that everyday, personal experience constitutes reality. The epistemological question asks: â€Å"What is truth and how do we know truth†? The reconstructionist claims that truth is what works, and we arrive at truth through a process of trial and error. The axiological question asks: â€Å"What is good and beautiful†? The reconstructionist’s answer to this is whatever the public consensus says it is! Educational Theory As far as his educational views are concerned, the reconstructionist sees things the same way as the progressive—up to a point. For example, reconstructionists believe that students learn more, remember it longer, and apply it to new situations better if they learn through experience, rather than through being told something. As they see it, the teacher’s main role is that of a resource person or a research project director who guides the students’ learning rather than being a dispenser of knowledge. In this role, the teacher carries on a dialogue with students, helping them identify problems, frame hypotheses, find data, draw appropriate conclusions, and select efficacious courses of action (praxis). Reconstructionists don’t believe in a predetermined curriculum. They would use the subject matter from any or all disciplines when needed to solve a problem. They would probably deal more, however, with the subject matter of social experience (the social sciences) in solving problems. The teaching methods favored by reconstructionists are (1) the pupil-teacher dialogue and (2) praxis. Praxis is â€Å"effective action.† In other words, reconstructionists favor applying the problem-solving method (scientific method) of the progressives to real-life problems. After one has reached an â€Å"intellectual solution† to a problem, reconstructionists favor carefully thought-out social action to remedy or ameliorate the problem. Reconstructionists, like progressives, do not favor any type of ability grouping. They feel students should be grouped only upon the basis of common interests. Reconstructionists also like flexible student seating arrangements, but since there is so much involvement outside the classroom, seating is not even an issue. Reconstructionists share the progressive’s view of student discipline. Moreover, they feel that if students are actively involved in bringing about change in areas that concern them, they will not become frustrated, and therefore, will not be likely to become discipline problems. Reconstructionists prefer to evaluate students subjectively on the basis of their ability as a social activist rather than give written examinations. Like progressives, they feel that student self-evaluation has a proper place. Reconstructionists’ Platform Reconstructionists differ significantly from progressives in the matter of social policy. Progressives acknowledge the rapidly changing conditions around us. But they are content to just teach students how to cope with change. It has been said that progressives seek to teach students how to reach â€Å"intellectual solution† to problems. This often culminates in writing a paper, doing a report or a project of some kind. This kind of education would tend to â€Å"mirror the contemporary society.† On the other hand, reconstructionists believe that students must learn through practical experience how to direct change and control it. They believe strongly that our culture is in crisis. They believe that things will get uncontrollably bad unless we intervene to direct change and thereby reconstruct the social order. Reconstructionsists believe that a â€Å" Utopian Future† is a genuine possibility for mankind if we learn how to intervene and to direct change. They believe that the school should train students to be social activists in the tradition of Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph Nader and Jesse Jackson. Reconstructionists believe that we should apply the reflective inquiry method to life’s problems. They feel, however, that we should be prepared to act upon our conclusions. This requires a sense of commitment and responsibility on the part of students. This goal of initiating change is of course very controversial. For this reason, reconstructionism has never caught on fully in our schools. Questions have been raised concerning whether or not schools should become a tool for re-making society. Questions have also been raised as to whether students at any age have the intellectual and social maturity to participate in social action. Advocates of social action contend that the more involvement we have, the better off we will be as a society. They claim that as things stand now, only a small percentage of people get involved in social issues because they do not know how to do so. Advocates of social action emphasize that it can be safely practiced if certain common-sense â€Å"safeguards† are applied. For example: 1) Young students should be encouraged to act in a more limited setting than older students, such as the classroom or school, rather than the larger community. 2) Teachers should help students weigh the probable outcomes of various lines of social action before anything is done. They should consider whether or not a given action will solve or ameliorate a problem. Moreover, they should consider the probable â€Å"side effects† of a given line of action, including how it will impact on significant others. 3) Teachers should work with students to get them to accept the consequences (good or bad) of their actions, once they have taken place, without complaining or expecting to be let off the hook. This is important if a sense of commitment and responsibility is to be nurtured.

Kaiser Permanente Risk Management Executive Summary Essay

Organization Description Kaiser Permanente (KP) is the nation’s largest integrated health care delivery system. KP serves nine states and over nine million members, with an annual operating revenue in 2013 of 53.1 billion. KP is a leader in quality improvement efforts in the health care industry through participation in studies performed by the National Committee on Quality Assurance (NCQA), The Joint Commission (TJC) accreditations, and the implementation of a state of the art electronic health records system, which focuses on integration and quality of care standardization. The focus of this summary is on KP hospitals in the northern California region and will include topics such as the purpose of risk and quality management, risk identification and management, current risks, quality outcomes, organizational goals, and the relationship between risk and quality management. Risk and Quality Management Purpose General The purpose of risk management in health care is simply the process of protecting the assets and minimizing financial losses to the organization (Singh & Habeeb Ghatala, 2012). A comprehensive risk management strategy within a health care organization will include focus on continuous quality improvement (CQI). The purpose of CQI in health care, according to Sollecito and Johnson (2013), is to offer a â€Å"structured organizational process for involving personnel in planning and executing a continuous flow of improvements to provide quality health care that meets or exceeds expectations† (p. 4). Through linking the processes of risk management and quality improvement the success of both processes is more likely to be realized. Kaiser Permanente The key concepts for risk and quality management at KP are commitment to quality, patient safety, privacy protection, and fraud prevention. KP risk management and quality management programs are central to their mission, values, and culture. Methods currently utilized to support these concepts  within KP are consumer surveys, the use of an integrated EHR with evidence based guidelines and clinical decision-making functionality, stringent patient privacy regulations and processes, continuous clinical and administrative staff training programs, and participation in studies focused on standardizing national quality measures (Kaiser Permanente, 2012). Risk Identification and Management Steps While KP is a leader in health care risk and quality management there are specific steps this consultant is recommending on a continual basis that will improve risk identification and management within the organization. 1. Identify and analyze loss and exposure While there are many methods utilized within the health care industry in the identification and analysis of loss and exposure, the recommended methods for KP are as follows: a) Incident-reporting analysis b) Improvement on the current performance management process for employees to bring focus on risk mitigation and quality improvement. c) Quantitative analysis of patient complaints and satisfaction surveys. d) Review of the organizations past professional liability and workers compensation reports. e) Review of surveys completed by TJC and NCQA on other hospitals in order to identify risk areas that KP should focus on. (McCaffrey & Hagg-Rickert, 2009) 2. Research and propose alternative risk techniques To mitigate risks that are unavoidable at KP, a combination of alternative risk techniques will help reduce situations that might negatively affect the organization. A financial analysis and risk analysis should be performed in order to ascertain the likelihood of utilizing the exposure avoidance technique. This is not a likely option as the financial impact of eliminating services may out weigh the risks involved with continuing them. A loss reduction approach is more likely to be the technique chosen for this organization. The core prevention activities that must be present in the loss reduction technique are as follows: a.) Ongoing staff education b.) Current policy and procedure review and revision c.) Updates to the organizations current EHR system to ensure the data present in the clinical decision-making and evidence-based clinical guidelines technology is the most current data available. According to Chen, et al (2009), â€Å"a growing body of literature confirms the value of electronic health records (EHRs) in improving patient safety, improving coordination of care, enhancing documentation, and facilitating clinical decision making and adherence to evidence-based clinical guidelines† (p. 323). 3. Risk management technique selection This two-part process of risk management technique selection is accomplished through forecasting and application of an ongoing measurement process, which will allow KP to analyze the risk management technique with regard to outcome and cost effectiveness. Included in the measurement process both risk treatment and risk-financing techniques should be measured (McCaffrey & Hagg-Rickert 2009). 4. Implement the selected techniques Implementation of the chosen risk management techniques may include decisions on insurance coverage and policy changes, overall department workflow changes to ensure compliance with state and federally mandated regulations and guidelines, and elimination of processes that impede or hinder patient safety. 5. Monitor and improve upon the implemented risk management program In order to continue improving upon the newly implemented risk management program a comprehensive monitoring strategy should be employed. In fact, McCaffrey and Hagg-Rickert, (2009) stated, â€Å"a multidisciplinary approach to evaluating the risk management program ensures that the impact of additional opportunities to improve the risk management function are fully explored† (p. 21). a.) Prepare an annual risk management report b.) Compare the new annual report against prior years risk management data (McCaffrey & Hagg-Rickert 2009) Current Risks Three risks that KP should take special care to avoid are rejection of newly implemented risk management and CQI procedures by employees, statute and regulatory changes, and health care associated infections (HAIs). 1. Rejection Change implementation is never an easy task and without special care taken the rate of rejection to change by clinical and administrative employees is high. In order to achieve successful CQI changes the following guidelines and recommendations are presented. a.) Minimize employee rejection through easily implemented and followed CQI procedures. b.) Engage employees in planning to increase acceptance. c.) Ensure lateral linkages within the organization across specialty departments to improve communication (Sollecito and Johnson, 2013). 2. Statute and regulatory changes With the ever-changing landscape in state and federal statutes and regulations surrounding the health care industry, special attention to this risk area must be taken. In fact, Cohen (2009) stated that â€Å"health care is one of the most heavily regulated of all sectors of commerce† (p. 328). Failure to comply with state and federal statutes and regulations can bring about negative financial affects at KP, including but not limited to; fines, loss of accreditation and credentialing, and an increase in malpractice lawsuits, not to mention a decrease in quality of care. a.) Risk management and quality improvement officers stay current and involved in statute and regulation changes. b.) Mandate educational goals for risk management and quality management officers with regard to state and federal regulations. c.) Implement a monthly employee newsletter within which the risk management officer and quality improvement officer outline regulation changes. Include processes that emplo yees should expect to see implemented to maintain compliance. Include a signature page with those editions that include changes to policy and ensure all employees sign and return to the human resources department. d.) Ongoing training for clinical and administrative employees with regards to statute and regulation. The risk management and quality improvement officers will be responsible to work with the organizations education department to implement new workshops as needed. e.) Include these responsibilities in the performance monitoring strategy for the risk management and quality improvement officers. 3. HAIs Health care associated infections are a serious risk in hospitals, as noted by Sydnor and Perl (2011), in their statement â€Å"HAIs are the most common complication seen in hospitalized patients† (para. 20). Improper prevention can lead to increased costs, lengthier hospital stays, and even patient death. Additionally, a Condition of Participation (CoP) (42 CFR 482.42) by CMS mandates hospital infection control programs to adhere to specific requirements. Recommendations are as follows. a.) Implement a house-keeping checklist to ensure proper sanitization of patient rooms. b.) Implement a sanitization checklist for clinical staff that will enforce hand washing before and after patient contact. c.) Develop a committee to review and revise the KP infection prevention and control program. Revisions should focus on compliance with TJC and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) regulations. Quality Outcomes Internal and external Three internal and external factors that influence quality outcomes are organization management of interpersonal relationships between physicians and patients, patient compliance, and continuity of care. Without proper management of interpersonal relationships between physicians and patients, the organization will face degradation in trust and openness. Patients should be involved in all treatment decisions, through proper education on their diagnosis and treatment options. This will bring about patient engagement in this decision making process. While KP cannot force their patients to comply with treatment guidelines, the external influence of patient compliance is crucial to quality outcomes. Programs focused on thorough training and education of patients and family members will improve the rate of compliance, thus improving the probability of positive quality outcomes for patients. Lack of patient compliance will hinder the treatment process and lower the level of quality outcomes standards at KP. Continuity of care is another internal influence that can affect quality outcomes. Regular follow up with patients will also increase patient compliance. Without improving continuity of care, the KP organization will see a reduction in positive quality outcomes and an increased in undesired outcomes (DeHarnais, 2013, chp 5). Goals Short-Term 1. Design new regulatory and statute training programs for all clinical and administrative employees. 2. Review and revise the KP infection prevention and control program 3. Revise the performance management system to include CQI measurements and risk management procedures as performance metrics. Long-Term 1. Increase adherence to state and federal regulations and statutes throughout the KP organization. 2. Reduce HAIs by 10% throughout KP hospitals in the northern California region. 3. Improve CQI measurement and risk management policy adherence throughout the northern California region by 20% among clinical employees. Risk and Quality Management Recommendations Risk management policies 1. Quarterly peer review The Health Care Quality Improvement Act (HCQIA) of 1986 â€Å"encourages hospitals, state licensing boards, and professional societies to identify and discipline physicians, dentists, and other health care providers who, after adequate, nondiscriminatory peer review, were found to have engaged in negligent or unprofessional conduct† (Cohen, 2013 p. 333). Through ongoing screening of new and current clinicians, KP will take responsibility for offering their patients that highest quality of care and reducing the risk of employing negligent clinical employees. 2. Zero tolerance adherence policy for all employees with regard to infection control procedures Part of the CMS CoP (42 CFR 482.42) regulation is the â€Å"designation of an infection control officer and development of relevant policies that address the identification and control of infections and communicable diseases. Without full compliance with all CoPs, KP could face the loss of their Medicare provider agreement. 3. Vulnerability analysis chart and emergency plan policy. According to Rawson and Hammond (2009) â€Å"by evaluating vulnerabilities and taking appropriate preventive action, loss can be minimized in an emergency†Ã‚  (p. 506). Health care facilities should include prevention measures in their emergency plans that include the risk of terrorist attacks. While terrorist attack risk cannot be completely mitigated, it is the responsibility of the health care facility to be prepared for such an emergency. Obtain additional information on including risk of terrorist attacks from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Quality management policies 1. Adherence to evidence-based clinical guidelines While it has been shown that â€Å"clinicians have customarily enjoyed a great deal of autonomy in their practices† (Argawal, 2010, para 3), it is imperative that clinicians follow evidence-based clinical guidelines. If exceptions should be made the details of, the patient diagnosis and variations should be presented for peer review prior to altering treatment plans. 2. Minimum score of 88% on customer satisfaction surveys Clinicians must maintain an average score of no less than 88% on customer satisfaction surveys quarterly. In today’s health care market, measurements of quality include consumer satisfaction. In fact, Bernard and Savitz (2009) state that in todays â€Å"competitive health care environment, consumers want and expect better health care services and hospital systems are concerned about maintaining their overall image† (p. 185). Relationship between risk and quality management In the past, risk management officers and quality improvement managers worked autonomously from one another, in fact they most often reported to different superiors. However, today healthcare organizations are realizing that in order to reach quality of care goals and maintain effective risk management programs these disciplines must work together closely. An example of how risk management efforts and quality improvement efforts complement one another is seen in the reduction of medical errors. The risk management plan must consider ways to reduce medical errors, while the quality improvement plan will offer solid steps toward minimizing medical errors (Sollecito and Johnson, 2013). Conclusion This summary focused on topics such as the purpose of risk and quality management, risk identification and management, current risks, quality outcomes, organizational goals, and the relationship between risk and quality management. While KP is the nation’s largest integrated health care delivery systems and leader in CQI standardization, there is always room for improvements. This consultant understands the importance of improvement at KP, thus humbly presents this summary and recommendations to the board of directors. References Agarwal, R. (2010, May). A Guideline for Quality Accreditation in Hospitals. Quality Digest, (), 1-4. Retrieved from http://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/twitter-ed/guideline-quality-accreditation-hospitals.html Chen, C., Garrido, T., Chock, D., Okawa, G., & Liang, L. (2009). The Kaiser Permanente electronic health record: Transforming and streamlining modalities of care. Health Affairs, 28(2), 323-33. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/204522974?accountid=458 Cohen, M. (2009). Statutes, Standards, and Regulations (chp 10) in McCaffrey, J. J., & Hagg-Rickert, S. (2009) Risk Management Handbook (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. DesHarnais, S. I. (2013). The outcome model of quality (chp 5) in Sollecito, W. A. and Johnson, J. K. (2013). McLaughlin and Kaluzny’s Continuous Quality Improvement In Health Care (4th ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Emily R. M. Sydnor, Trish M. Perl (2011, January). Clin Microbiol, 24(1): 141–173. Retrieved from http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021207/ Kaiser Permanente. (2014). Kaiser Permanente, Retrieved from http://share.kaiserpermanente.org/article/history-of-kaiser-permanente/ McCaffrey, J. J., & Hagg-Rickert, S. (2009, Chp 1) Developing of a Risk Management Program in Risk Management Handbook (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Rawson, M. L. and Hammond, H. Y,. (2009) Emergency Management in McCaffrey, J. J., & Hagg-Rickert, S. (2009, Chp 7) Developing of a Risk Management Program in Risk Management Handbook (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Singh, B., & Habeeb Ghatala, M. (2012, August). Risk Management in Hospitals. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 3(4). Sollecito, W. A. and Johnson, J. K. (2013). McLaughlin and Kaluzny’s Continuous Quality Improvement In Health Care (4th ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Willpower

Even with the natural aptitudes to reach them, it is necessary to make an effort to do It. Pursue this goals is key for our success and happiness, but many distractions are going to be present: little distractions with a wrong Idea of freedom that can develop in big problems and make us slaves of our desires. To avoid this and stay In a good way, we need to make use of our willpower, and understand better owe It works.There are little things that make us happy Like eat Ice cream, listen to music, hang out with friends, buy a nice dress†¦ And there Is no need to stop doing this. But It Is important to understand that we need to do it with moderation. We can not let this whims rule our life nor distract us from our goals, for our life would become senseless. Discipline will let us chase our goals, the lack of it will make us lose them. Goals give a meaning to our lives, and a meaning is necessary to be happy.This self-control maintain us moving forward, achieving objectives, growi ng like human beings; it means, success in life. But also, it give us the freedom that we deserve, economically and mentally. Losing control of impulses and desires make us vulnerable to be controlled by others, and so we lost our freedom. With the force of willpower, nobody but us will rule our life. Having been clear why willpower is important, it worth to say a couple of tips about how to maintain it.First, we can not expect to control ourselves every time, with everything, because the willpower becomes momentarily exhausted; so we need to be smart choosing our regulations to fulfill our resolutions. And second, it is extremely important not sublimate little acts of discipline, like make our bed or take care of our appearance, for this help us strengthen the willpower and avoid fail on future tasks. Many things can be said about willpower, but this time I only wanted to highlight some points: self-control helps us to malting a meaning In our life and reach peppiness, as well as g ive us freedom, something that we can not Ignore.And we never should stop training our willpower; sometimes we fall applying It, but with the time, It will be easier control ourselves. Willpower By Feline-Pacer Velasquez Every person in the world has their own goals, objectives to accomplish in a long or a effort to do it. Pursue this goals is key for our success and happiness, but many distractions are going to be present: little distractions with a wrong idea of freedom ND stay in a good way, we need to make use of our willpower, and understand better how it works.There are little things that make us happy like eat ice cream, listen to music, hang out with friends, buy a nice dress†¦ And there is no need to stop doing this. But it is some points: self-control helps us to maintain a meaning in our life and reach happiness, as well as give us freedom, something that we can not ignore. And we never should stop training our willpower; sometimes we fail applying it, but with the t ime, it will be easier control ourselves.

Should Gay Adoption Be More Available

Imagine a child living in foster care waiting for months, even years, for a couple to come and adopt them and make them a part of their family. Then, finally, after a long time of heartbreak and loneliness, a family does come. Two people want to give the child a home. These two people have everything that any parent should such as: money, a stabilized job, no criminal records, plans for the future, domestic peace, and all the love anyone could ever give to a child. Yet, at the end of this day, they are turned down and the child is at loss for the opportunity of having a good, loving family. Why? Because the couple that wanted to adopt that child were two men. Does the situation above seem fair to you? Is it right that these two men are turned away from having a child just because they’re homosexuals? If they had terrible records with crimes and they were constantly being fired and other unhealthy activities it would have been right to turn them away, but for two people that were completely competent to adopt a child to be turned away like that is unfair. I believe that homosexual couples should be allowed to adopt children, so long as they are healthy and well-functioning. When you think of a child being raised in a gay community and being often surrounded with the familiarization of lesbians and gays, you may think the child will later in life turn homosexual. Some might, it’s is their choice and there’s nothing wrong with it. However, people that grew up with homosexual parents say that they have never pressured them to follow in their footsteps. Another reason why gays should be allowed to adopt a child is when they have a kid, they intentionally have to go get one, rather than a heterosexual couple can have a â€Å"surprise† child, which may lead to neglect later in the child’s life. When adopting both members of the relationship feel they are both mature and responsible enough to support a child. I’m not trying to state that homosexuals necessarily make better parents than heterosexual couples, but there is a lesser chance of the children being abused or neglected. In parenting, they’re just like you and me. The only thing that’s different is their social status. The only possible downside to a homosexual couple adopting a child that I can find is the child may have a missing father or mother figure. However, there are plenty of children that came from heterosexual parents that face this as well whether it be because of death, divorce, separation, or a night in Vegas. Missing a certain parental figure is not as tragic as you would think, for example, I grew up most of my years not being around my father and I believe I turned out very well rounded. Now I want you to think of a scenario with two parts to it. First is a financially stable, loving, mature, and educated gay couple trying to adopt a child. The other part is a fourteen year old girl that got pregnant and wants to keep her baby. Which one seems easier to do? Sadly, it is easier for a fourteen year old to keep her baby, than it is for the couple to keep theirs. So really, letting gay couples adopt wouldn’t hurt or hinder themselves, the child, or society. When choosing who to let take home a child, consider the two women that have taken interest. Let the fully committed men adopt so long as they pass the inspection. If you do I can almost guarantee that the child will grow up in a loving home with wonderful parents with less chance of abuse and neglect. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Criminology 3001 Assesment 3 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminology 3001 Assesment 3 - Research Proposal Example The fundamental benefits of community policing is that it provides mobility to the law enforcement agencies to respond to criminal complaints, increase positive attitudes towards police, and reduce fears of crime (Anderson 2005). What interests this researcher is the fact that in a country where 60 police officers are entrusted with 1000 serious reported crimes (Billante 2003), community policing seems to be an ideal solution to increase police vigilance and strength at a minimal cost to the government. Experts are of the view (Grabosky 2009; Hodgson 1998; Mukherjee and Graycar 1997) that community policing is an effective method for responding to the community’s needs for security, crime deterrence and peace keeping. It involves programmes which encourage members of the community to participate actively on behalf of the police in crime detection and prevention as well as maintenance of public order. Yet, there has been little research carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of community policing. The purpose of the following proposal is to evaluate whether there is a need for investigating it in terms of value of community contribution, impact on police efficiency, cost of implementing community policing systems, and most importantly reduction in crime rates. How effective are the different types of community policing programmes, especially in addressing modern crime and disorder situations like terrorism and delinquent behaviours in the marginalised communities? 2.2. A combination of theoretical exploration, interviews and evaluation shall enable the researcher to study the efficacy and effectiveness of community policing, the gaps therein in its implementation, and hopefully present radical solutions to the justice system, crime prevention departments, citizens community, and criminology academia. The key objective to policing is

The Journey of the Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Journey of the Life - Essay Example I never got along well with my brothers, especially the eldest one. For some reason, they always picked on me and I started to hate my childhood. Though I made efforts to do whatever was in my reach to defend myself, it never worked for us. If I look bad at all those years, I think that my life as a child wasn't that bad as I thought it was but many times I felt I had nobody I could talk to. I felt very lonely in life. When I was at the age of 11, I visited New York and there I decided to stay with my mother to finish my education. But, unfortunately, my mother also did not understand me. I felt so frustrated that I started to make more and more friends and began to socialize as much as possible to be able to speak out my mind in front of my friends. Whenever I felt the need to vent, I spoke or met my friends and felt light at heart. At least, I had few people in life whom I could turn to in such times. The adolescence age according to Erik Erikson is an age when we try to find our i dentity amidst social issues which surround us. That is the age when we discover ourselves as individuals. We try to fight with the world and with moral issues and if by chance we are unsuccessful, we experience "role confusion." (Harder A, 2002).

Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignments - Essay Example There are three different arguments about determinism. First, the author said that if determinism is true, then we can accurately predict our future. Also, the author argued that it is completely illogical to completely â€Å"foretell† what would happen to a person’s life because everything has already been determined even at the micro-level. The second argument against determinism is that people can always change their mind about a decision let’s say to do something or to go somewhere. The author calls this â€Å"stepping-back† which is an active participation of an individual to take decisions as well as change decisions in his life. These decisions were based on valuing that the theory of determinism lacks according to Honderich. The last argument against determinism by Honderich is about determinism as â€Å"self-destructive†. He first stated the Epicurean argument to determinism to lay down a strong foundation for his reason. In the end, Honder ich concluded that if determinism was true, then people do not have free will. Of course, we know that man has free will and would do whatever he chooses according to his value judgments. The main difference tells us that Frankfurt believes that a person is still morally responsible for the consequences of his actions. Frankfurt believes that individuals have a choice to make and be answerable for their decisions.

News Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News Values - Essay Example The Egyptian piece I picked to help demonstrate the seven news values is a piece about an important Egyptian Imah issuing a fatawa forbidding Muslims from participating in a strike against rising food prices that was set to take place on Sunday. The first news value, the value of impact, is very strong in this piece. This is sure to be a hot topic over in Egypt, as the religious leaders have now made it so people cannot participate in the strike that was to take place on Sunday. It has the right amount of impact upon the reader, and is sure to stir up interesting reader response. The article also displays appropriate timeliness. The article is coming out well before the strike, and it also gives people enough time of a warning if they had planned on taking part in the strike. It would completely loose its timeliness if it came out after the strike, so I would have to say that the timing is perfect. I do not think that the article could carry any more prominence that it already does. It involves a high ranking religious leader, and a touch sensitive subject about the strike. It is an important story, and would be a very important story for the people reading it over in Egypt. Proximity is also right on the dot.

Religious and Philosophical Aspects in Melville's Moby Dick Essay

Religious and Philosophical Aspects in Melville's Moby Dick - Essay Example The two are secluded and remain in isolation with the sole purpose of investigating religious matters around the world. Ahab does not believe in the biblical story of creation in the Garden of Eden. Instead of having a desire for spiritual nourishment, he stays firm and confronts wickedness. The firmness is symbolized by a whale in the book (Melville; pp.178-179) Ishmael perceives Ahab as a weak man who is only after avenging for the sins he committed. Although Ahab professed Christianity, he was just a hypocrite who was only hiding in the masses. On the other hand, another character by the name Starbuck is unsure about how God should be shown respect. Human beings have weaknesses that sometimes disconnect them with their maker. In order to build a relationship, they must overcome their internal emotions and weaknesses and honor their maker. Due to the disrespect, the alluded Adam showed to the maker, he is eliminated from the universe. Unlike Ahab, Ishmael, who observed the teaching s of his maker is blessed immensely (Melville, pp.153-156). The traits demonstrated by the characters in Melville’s work are a clear revelation of his religious beliefs. He uses the Whale to symbolize the nature of God. God has supernatural powers and is both omnipresent and omnipotent. Ahab tries to go against the will of God and tries to collude with Satan. Melville is of the view that those who go against the will of God are likely to be punished severely (Melville, pp.483-484). In the book, a Priest by the name Mapple uses Jonah in as an example of a person who went contrary to the wishes of God. Consequently, the fish swallowed him. According to the priest, we cannot honor God before we honor ourselves (Melville, pp.344-345) Melville advises that we should forego our personal desires for the sake of worshipping the Lord. Ishmael comes out as a character whom God wants human beings to be while Ahab is demonstrated as a disgrace to religion. Ahab practices

Target Background Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Target Background Research Paper - Essay Example This helps them to communicate effectively and it makes the employees feel they are on the page. This approach generated loyalty and challenged the employees to make the business a success. Each employee should be offered stock options and given a portion of the profits as an incentive to keep working toward higher customer satisfaction. Motivation and communication are additional ways the CEO could create happy employees. Challenging employees allows him or her to be creative and generate new ideas or product lines that will increase sales and or customer satisfaction. Listening to employees opinions is vital to success. The people who work the frontline of any business will have ideas on how to better the processes. Some companies used an approach uncommon to most CEO's; walking around the store to meet and greet the associates and customers. This approach allowed the consumers the opportunity to tell him how well he or she liked the store and offer suggestions for change. The asso ciates liked this approach because it made him an approachable CEO who was willing to listen to employees and customers. In this report, it is apparent that the company should use strategic planning in order to deal with the issues since it determines the overall direction and goals of the organization. Consequently, strategic planning influences numerous aspects of the organization, including what, In strategic planning, a) Products and services will be provided by the business and how those products and services will be designed b) Organizational design and roles are needed by the organization. c) Performance goals are established for positions throughout the business. d) Board committees should be developed (in the case of corporations. e) Resources are needed to reach those goals, and consequently, how much money is needed to procure those resources -- ultimately, the goals determine the content of various budgets ("Develop strategic plan" 2007). Competition from similar products, changing technology and increasing costs all play their part in putting pressure on firms to keep rethinking and expan ding. Mergers are more and more frequent and many businesses have expanded to become global organizations. But if growth is sometimes the only option it is also very often a risky one. Expansion demands investment of time, money and people and has to be carefully managed to bring the desired returns. Though there is a way to increase the odds of success: simple and effective communication in all directions. For the fiscal February period, reported comparable store sales decreased 4.1%. Just over half of this sales performance was due to a decrease in average transaction size with the remainder due to a decrease in comparable store transactions. Comparable store sales in February 2008 increased 0.5%. The current month's sales release quotes Gregg Steinhafel, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Target Corporation, as saying, "February sales were in line with our planned range for the month as our sales results continue to reflect the significant economic challenges facing our guests (Target Corporation Pre-recorded February 2009 Sales Conference Call - Final 2009). At the heart of Target's growth is the unique culture that has been

Sunset Boulevard by(Billy Wilder, 1950) and Northwest by( Alfred Essay

Sunset Boulevard by(Billy Wilder, 1950) and Northwest by( Alfred Hitchcock, 1959) - Essay Example The 1920s were known as the Jazz Age and Americans prospered due to the zooming of stock markets and the flourishing of the arts. At the turn of the decade, the Great Depression set in, precipitated by the biggest crash in Wall Street history. The country went into a period of great introspection. As politicians and economists were grappling with finding solutions to pull through the economic depression, similar efforts are being made to improve the standards of the film industry. The Hays Code, introduced in 1934 was one such outcome. Although the United States Motion Picture Production Code of 1930 came ahead of Hays Code, it was not taken seriously by filmmakers, making it necessary for government authorities to introduce and implement a more comprehensive set of guidelines (Friedrich, 1997). The agency given the responsibility of enforcing the code is commonly referred to as the Breen Office (after administrator Joseph Breen). In this context, it is interesting to see how the content of popular movies such as Sunset Boulevard (1951) and North by Northwest (1959) were possibly influenced by the code. Both the movies were produced years after the introduction of the code. Hence by the time the movies were conceived and written, the story writer, screenplay writer and the director would have inherently known what is acceptable and what is unacceptable with respect to the Hays Code. There is also documented evidence that the first scripts of the two movie submitted to the Breen Office were not approved immediately. The production team had to modify a few dialogues and change certain aspects of the film that were deemed to violate the code (Harris, 2008). To take the case of Sunset Boulevard, the story depicts an unusual relationship between a fading Hollywood writer and a former Hollywood leading lady. As the fortunes of both the former stars are fading away, they happen to develop an opportunistic

Science and Society Essay Example for Free

Science and Society Essay Science has come a long way since the existence of man. It made several breakthroughs that made life on earth more convenient and profitable. Science has advanced knowledge and applications in medicine, transportation, environment, space, technology and others. More so, it has provided solutions to many problems of mankind as well as offered opportunities that have enhanced the purpose of man on earth. But all of these would not be possible if humans have not utilized their capability to innovate and discover new things. In the modern society, majority of the people became highly dependent on science to help them navigate their lives. Without science, people would be at lost in the complexities of the world Moreover, it is a fact that science has influenced how humans live, interact and think. It has become an indicator of a countrys power and wealth. Because of this, global leaders strive to develop science in their own territory to gain worldwide status as a powerhouse nation. More so, having citizens who are well versed in science would be very advantageous for any country in achieving development and success. Also, in the saying â€Å"two heads are better than one,† suggests that the greater the number of people who are involved in the process, the more likely that the result would be notable and substantial. In this case, many minds can contribute to the amplification of scientific knowledge that can be of general significance. As a result, their outputs can deliver a contemporary understanding of the relationship between science and society and cultivate a superior quality of existence and a

Tourism in New South Wales Essay Example for Free

Tourism in New South Wales Essay Introduction:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  This paper seeks to answer given questions in relation to tourism   and   travel industry at New South Wales including evaluation the effectiveness of measures taken, difference of approach for Asian countries   affected by crisis, knowing   how to incorporate crisis management in an organization’s business strategic plans and   how to reduce damage from unseen contingencies. Questions and Answers 2.1. Do you think the measures taken by Tourism New South Wales were effective in helping the travel and tourism industry?   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The measures taken by the Tourism New South Wales (TNSW) were effective in helping the travel and tourism industry in the sense that the outcome was a minimized reduction inflow of total visitors to the state through careful management of the crisis.    It was further mentioned that TNSW succeeded in defusing the industry hysteria and ensured that the industry was adequately informed, which gave the industry directions how to conduct its short and medium-term strategy in response to the crisis.   As a result, the industry, did not abandon the region in question entirely, which could have led to a very damaging loss of face and presence in many of the markets (Gray and Fletcher, n.d.).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An analysis of the measures taken revealed concern rather than alarmed in terms of initial response taken by TNSW to address the crisis.   TNSW identified the crisis at the earliest time possible by tapping industry contacts and commentary by its regional officers in the affected areas. It helped to see the extent of the problem when government statistics on inbound tourism became available for decision making.   Since by that time, several media sources had been painting a bleak picture of the entire Asian-based tourism industry, which thereby created hysteria within the travel and tourism industry as a whole, TNSW has responded responsively accordingly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   TNSW conducted its own analysis on the nature and extent of the crisis, and how it affected the travel and tourism industry on a country-by-country basis. By monitored the news reports for accuracy and senior levels, TNSW disseminated information through the press to paint a more comprehensive picture of what was actually happening as way of damage control to what the press has earlier reported. TNSW revived confidence and calmed down the hysteria generated through some speculative biased reports (Gray and Fletcher, n.d.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Instead of being alarmed TNSW was able to provide leadership on how the industry should respond and to provide forecasts which it used to project the nature and extent of the recovery in all markets.   Based on forecasts made, it was able to see where it could take advantage opportunities and minimize the effect of industry threats (Kotler,1994; Kotter and Schlesinger,1991; Porter, 1980).   As part of its many tactical decisions, case facts mentioned the allocation of a larger portion of its budget to Asian region being diverted to other key growth markets such as the USA and Europe.   TNSW applied careful marketing investment decisions in Asia on the basis of analysis of which markets would recover first. It was able to observe which of the markets showed evidence of rebound while ensuring that it would not lose presence and awareness in those markets. How will the approach differ for the Asian countries affected by the crisis?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The approach will differ for Asian countries affected by the crisis in terms of giving priority where risks caused by the Asian crisis should be brought at the minimum by allocating more budgets for Asian countries than the rest that could produce more revenues or less amount of loss.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To implement this kind of strategy, those countries which could give earlier recovery in terms of more revenues or less amount of loss should be viewed in the proper values of currencies of each of the countries. To illustrate, some of the Asian countries have smaller devaluation of their currencies than others in relation to the US dollar or those which has shown smaller decline in number of visitors are less affected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Case facts say that the impacts of the crisis from Korea and Hong Kong were alarmingly low at the end to 1997, falling by about 90% from the previous year. Between the two Hong Kong has shown faster recovery. Japan in comparison showed smaller decline in number of visitors by about 6% in 1997, 19% in 1998 and 8% in 1999. Thus it was more proper to invest more in Japan that with Korea and Hong Kong.   Countries such as Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand appeared to have held up well in 1999 after their being badly affected during the crisis, thus these countries could receive higher budget allocation in 1999 and afterwards. TNSW could not just abandon Asian markets because they constitute about 40% of all NSW’s visitors (Gray and Fletcher, n.d.). 2.3. The travel and tourism industry is often exposed to uncertainty, risk and disaster. How important is to incorporate crises management in an organization’s strategic business plans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is important to incorporate crises management in an organization’s strategic business plans because failure to do would leave the country or nation unprepared to such eventuality and it is such a big risk to face in terms of loss revenues. In the case of New South Wales, the tourism industry income represents about 10% of the state economy and the government is also depending from the same industry to employ thousands of its people, thus the decision of TNSW is critical and very important to making its strategic plans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Incorporating therefore crises management to an organization’s strategic plans is the same as preparing for contingencies in the major part of the economic plans for New South Wales.   For a nation to lose big amount of revenues amounting to billions of US dollars and thousands of employment opportunities is also courting other problems for its people politically, socially and even psychologically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To incorporate crises management therefore in an organization’s strategic plans amounts being complete and realistic in preparing strategic plans (Churchill, Jr. and Peter, 1995; Cooper, L. 2000). Strategic plans are meant to attain objectives which include the characteristics of being specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound. To prepare for any eventuality including possible crises is just being realistic with possible events in the future and therefore including crises management in strategic business plans of an organization is deemed part of well prepared strategic plan. 2.3. The unexpected can happen to an overseas market or group of markets. What should international strategic marketing plans incorporate to reduce damage from unseen contingencies?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To reduce damage from unseen contingencies, the following should be incorporated in the international strategic marketing plans:   (1) A contingency plan that could address all possible scenarios; (2) The contingency plan should allow management a sober analysis and interpretation of anecdotal and statistical information for decision making; (3) The contingency plan should allow dissemination of information to industry players to allow responsible decisions (Gray and Fletcher, n.d.);   (4) The plan should provide leadership in terms of how to respond properly with the contingency; and (5) The plan should have forecasts (Brigham and Houston, 2002;   Weston and Brigham,1993; Helfert, 1994) that could   project the nature and extent of the recovery in all markets should the contingency happen (Gray and Fletcher (n.d.). Conclusion and Recommendation   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper has shown how an organization responded to unseen crises that it may not have foreseen as per case facts.   A calculated response was however noted in addressing the Asian financial crisis effects on tourism and travel industry to NSW by TNSW’s employing the elements of analysis and interpretation of anecdotal and statistical information, dissemination of information to industry, providing leadership in terms of how to respond to the crisis and providing forecasts which projected the nature and extent of the recovery in all markets.    The crisis was essentially external to TNSW but company appears to have been prepared despite any indication in the case fact that it did not foresee the same. The response therefore is an indication of preparedness that must formally form part of organization’s strategic plans. In additional international strategic marketing plans should incorporate contingency plans to reduce damage from unseen contingencies and that such contingency plans must be workable under different conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizations are therefore recommended to always be prepared and the best kind of preparation is integration of contingency plans on their strategic business plans. References: Brigham and Houston (2002) Fundamentals of Financial Management, Thomson South-Western, London, UK Churchill, Jr. and Peter (1995) Marketing, Creating Value for Customers, IRWIN,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sydney, Australia Cooper, L. (2000) Strategic marketing planning for radically new products, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 64 Issue 1, pp.1-15. Gray and Fletcher (n.d.) Tourism New South Wale’s Experience in marketing tourism during the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis Helfert, Erich (1994), Techniques for Financial Analysis, IRWIN, Sydney, Australia Kotler, P (1994) Marketing Management, Analysis Planning, Implementation and Control, London, UK Kotter, J. and Schlesinger, L. (1991) Choosing strategies for change, Harvard Business Review, pp.24-29. Porter (1980) Competitive Strategy, Free Press, London, UK Weston and Brigham (1993) Essential of Managerial Finance, Dryden Publishers   London, UK